phosphatidylserine

Dioleyl phosphatidylserine is a phospholipid that can activate PKC-γ (Protein Kinase C-gamma) when the Ca2+ concentration is below 0.5 μM, specifically at a concentration of 100 μM.

Dioleoyl phosphatidylserine is a lipid under investigation, primarily used to study the assembly and long-term stability of solid-supported lipid bilayers formed from artificial and natural lipid mixtures.

Phosphatidylserine is a naturally occurring phospholipid that comprises 2-10% of total phospholipids in mammals and is enriched in the central nervous system, particularly the retina. It is anionic and found mainly on the inner leaflet of the cell membrane. It is biosynthesized from phosphatidylcholine or phosphatidylethanolamine by phosphatidyl synthase 1 (PSS1) or PSS2, respectively, in the endoplasmic reticulum and can be reversibly converted back by the same enzymes. It can also be irreversibly converted to phosphatidylethanolamine by phosphatidylserine decarboxylase in the mitochondria. Phosphatidylserine binds to T cell immunoglobulin mucin type 1 (TIM-1) and TIM-4 receptors as well as brain-specific angiogenesis inhibitor 1 (BAI1), leading to anti-inflammatory and anti-atherosclerotic effects. It is also a cofactor involved in the activation of various signaling pathways through activation of protein kinase C, neutral sphingomyelinase, and c-Raf-1 protein kinase among others. Phosphatidylserine is externalized during apoptosis by scramblases in the plasma membrane as a signal for phagocytes to engulf the cell. Phosphatidylserines (bovine) is a mixture of bovine phosphatidylserines containing fatty acids with variable chain lengths at the sn-1 and sn-2 positions.

Phosphatidylserines sodium salt (L-α-Phosphatidylserine sodium salt) is a compound extracted from natural soybean oil residues. It is an active substance present in cell membranes, which can improve nerve cell function and can be used to study nervous system diseases.

DSPS (Dioctadecanoylphosphatidylserine) is a glycerophospholipid, an important phospholipid membrane component that plays a key role in cell cycle signaling. DSPS can regulate cellular activity and mediate apoptosis. DSPS is widely used as a nutritional supplement.

Hexadecylphosphoserine is a type of phospholipid molecule that incorporates a long-chain alkyl group (hexadecyl) and a phosphatidylserine group, granting it high affinity for cell membranes. This compound exhibits antitumor activity by modulating [Ca++]i and related signaling pathways, making it useful for breast cancer research.

Sitamaquine is an antileishmanial agent.1It is active againstL. donovani,L. infantum,L. mexicana,L. braziliensis, andL. tropica(EC50s = 9.5-19.8 μM). It inhibits mitochondrial complex II, also known as succinate dehydrogenase (SDH), in a cell-free assay when used at concentrations ranging from 10 to 200 μM.2Sitamaquine (100 μM) increases intracellular levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and decreases intracellular ATP levels, as well as induces phosphatidylserine externalization, chromatin fragmentation, and depolarization of the mitochondrial membrane potential, markers of apoptosis, inL. donovanipromastigotes. 1.López-Martín, C., Pérez-Victoria, J.M., Carvalho, L., et al.Sitamaquine sensitivity in Leishmania species is not mediated by drug accumulation in acidocalcisomesAntimicrob. Agents Chemother.52(11)4030-4036(2008) 2.Carvalho, L.J.M., Luque-Ortega, J.R., López-Martín, C., et al.The 8-aminoquinoline analogue sitamaquine causes oxidative stress in Leishmania donovani promastigotes by targeting succinate dehydrogenaseAntimicrob. Agents Chemother.55(9)4204-4210(2011)

Phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) contains phospholipids found in mammals, formed by decarboxylation of phosphatidylserine.

Z-FA-FMK can irreversibly inhibit cysteine protease and also inhibit effector caspases.

Sodium 18:0,22:6 phosphatidylserine (PS) is a lipid found within synaptic vesicles alongside cholesterol, utilized in metabolic research [1].

Bavituximab (Anti-Human Phosphatidylserine Recombinant Antibody) is a monoclonal antibody targeting phosphatidylserine (PS) with vascular targeting and immunomodulatory properties, capable of reactivating anti-tumor immunity to inhibit tumor growth. It has anti-cancer activity and is frequently used with Paclitaxel and Carboplatin in non-small cell lung cancer studies.

PhosTAC7 successfully induced ternary protein complex formation and dephosphorylation of phosphatidylserine 318 (pS318) by Halo-FOXO3a in a dose-dependent manner.

N-myristoyl-RKRTLRRL is a compound that impedes the binding of protein kinase C (PKC) substrates and inhibits calcium (Ca2+)- and phosphatidylserine (PS)-dependent phosphorylation of histones, exhibiting an IC50 of 5 μM. Additionally, it demonstrates an inhibitory effect on histone phosphorylation with an IC50 of 80 μM [1] [2].

DS55980254 is a highly effective and specific inhibitor of phosphatidylserine synthase 1 (PTDSS1) [1].

DPPS (12-Dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-PS sodium salt) is an anionic diacyl-phospholipid, a form of phosphatidylserine (PS), which is a negatively charged phospholipid located in the lobules of cell membranes. DPPS are used to make cationic vesicles and liposomes.

Pd-C-II has anti-inflammation activity, it can inhibit TNF-α production and iNOS protein expression and inhibit COX-2 protein expression in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. Pd-C-II inhibits anaphylactic mediator release from purified mast cells induced by

MPSD (MARCKS-ED), a 25-amino acid peptide derived from the effector domain sequence of the myristoylated alanine-rich C-kinase substrate (MARCKS), possesses the ability to detect membrane curvature and identify phosphatidylserine. This compound is valuable as a biological probe for investigating membrane shape and lipid composition.