p. aeruginosa

Azurin (50-77) is a peptide fragment derived from the copper-containing bacterial protein azurin, present in P. aeruginosa. It exhibits properties that regulate the cell cycle, inhibit cancer proliferation, and manage angiogenesis, proving its potential as an anticancer agent. Specifically, this compound acts as a VEGFR2 inhibitor with an IC20 of approximately 10.7 µM. At a concentration of 20 µM, it effectively induces cell cycle arrest at the G2/M phase in MCF-7 breast cancer cells, while a higher concentration of 50 µM significantly reduces the proliferation of both MCF-7 and ZR-75-1 breast cancer cell lines. Furthermore, Azurin (50-77) impedes VEGF-A-induced capillary tube formation with an IC50 of 12 µM, and alters the cellular and extracellular levels of critical signaling and structural proteins such as F-actin, focal adhesion kinase (FAK), paxillin, and platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1 (PECAM-1) in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) at a concentration of 25 µM. Demonstrating its efficacy in vivo, Azurin (50-77) administered at 10 mg/kg per day notably reduces tumor volume in an MCF-7 mouse xenograft model, highlighting its therapeutic potential.

CysHHC10 acetate shows antibacterial activities against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria with MIC of 10.1, 20.2, 2.5, and 1.3 mM for E. coli, P. aeruginosa, S. aureus, and S. epidermidis, respectively.

β-Defensin-3 is a peptide with antimicrobial properties that protects the skin and mucosal membranes of the respiratory, genitourinary, and gastrointestinal tracts. It inhibits the growth of the periodontopathogenic and cariogenic bacteria F. nucleatum, S. mutans, S. sobrinus, S. salivarius, and L. casei (MICs = 12.5-100 mg/l). It also inhibits the growth of S. aureus, S. pyogenes, P. aeruginosa, E. coli, and C. albicans. β-Defensin-3 stimulates gene expression and production of IL-6, IL-10, CXCL10, CCL2, MIP-3α, and RANTES by keratinocytes when used at a concentration of 30 μg/ml. It also stimulates calcium mobilization, migration, and proliferation of keratinocytes when used at concentrations of 30, 5, and 20 μg/ml, respectively. β-Defensin-3 induces IL-31 production by human peripheral blood-derived mast cells in vitro when used at a concentration of 10 μg/ml and by rat mast cells in vivo following a 500 ng intradermal dose.

β-Defensin-4 is a peptide with antimicrobial properties that protects the skin and mucosal membranes of the respiratory, genitourinary, and gastrointestinal tracts. It induces migration of monocytes in vitro when used at a concentration of 10 nM but does not affect migration of neutrophils and eosinophils. β-Defensin-4 (30 μg/ml) stimulates gene expression and production of IL-6, IL-10, CXCL10, CCL2, MIP-3α, and RANTES by keratinocytes. It also stimulates calcium mobilization, migration, and proliferation of keratinocytes when used at concentrations of 30, 10, and 40 μg/ml, respectively. β-Defensin-4 induces IL-31 production by human peripheral blood-derived mast cells in vitro when used at a concentration of 10 μg/ml and by rat mast cells in vivo following a 500 ng intradermal dose. It also inhibits growth of E. coli, P. aeruginosa, and S. aureus with lethal concentration (LC) values of 5, 12, and 15 μM, respectively, of S. carnosus (MIC = 4.5 μg/ml), and of C. albicans with a minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC) value of 7.5 μM.

Defensin HNP-3 is a peptide secreted by human polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) that has antimicrobial properties. It induces lysis of mammalian cells when used at a concentration of 25 μg/mL. It also inhibits growth of E. faecalis (ED50 = 100 nM) and clinical isolates of P. aeruginosa (MIC90 = 4 μM). HNP-3 binds to recombinant HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein (gp120) and human CD4 (Kds = 52.8 and 34.9 nM, respectively). It also binds to recombinant, immobilized human surfactant protein D (SP-D; Kd = 55.7 nM) and inhibits focus formation in Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells infected with influenza A virus (IAV).

LA-Bac8c, a lipoic acid-modified antimicrobial peptide, exhibits improved antimicrobial efficacy. It effectively inhibits S. aureus, MRSA, S. epidermidis, E. coli, and P. aeruginosa, demonstrating minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of 1, 4, 8, 8, and 8 μg/mL, respectively [1].

Murepavadin TFA is a highly potent 14–amino acid cyclic peptide antibiotic that exhibits strong and specific antibacterial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, with MIC50 and MIC90 values both measured at 0.12 mg/L, functioning through targeted interaction with the lipopolysaccharide transport protein D, and serving as a valuable research compound for studying bacterial resistance mechanisms, antimicrobial specificity, and novel antibiotic development strategies.

MDP1, derived from Melittin, disrupts the membrane integrity of both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, leading to bacterial death through membrane damage. This compound exhibits potent antibacterial activity against multidrug-resistant (MDR) and reference strains of S. aureus, E. coli, and P. aeruginosa [1].

MDP1 acetate, a derivative of Melittin, compromises the membrane integrity of both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria leading to bacterial death through membrane damage. It exhibits potent antibacterial activity against multidrug-resistant (MDR) and reference strains of S. aureus, E. coli, and P. aeruginosa [1].

Compound 8C (c[Arg-Arg-Arg-Arg-Dip-Dip-Dip]) demonstrates broad-spectrum efficacy against drug-resistant Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Specifically, it exhibits minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of 3.1 μg/mL for MRSA (ATCC BAA-1556), 3.1 μg/mL for S. aureus (ATCC 29213), 12.5 μg/mL for P. aeruginosa (ATCC 27883), and 12.5 μg/mL for E. coli (ATCC 25922) [1].

Compound 9C [c[Arg-Arg-Arg-Arg-Nal-Nal-Nal]] demonstrates broad-spectrum efficacy against drug-resistant Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. It exhibits minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of 3.1 μg/mL for MRSA (ATCC BAA-1556), 3.1 μg/mL for S. aureus (ATCC 29213), 12.5 μg/mL for P. aeruginosa (ATCC 27883), and 25 μg/mL for E. coli (ATCC 25922) [1].

Ranalexin, an antimicrobial peptide, demonstrates inhibition of S. aureus, E. coli, and P. aeruginosa, with respective minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of 4, 32, and 128 μg/mL [1].

CRAMP-18 (mouse) is an antibiotic peptide effective against Gram-negative bacteria, including S. typhimurium and P. aeruginosa, without exhibiting hemolytic activity, showing promise for research into antifungal, antibacterial, and antitumor applications [1] [2].

Lynronne-1, an antimicrobial peptide, exhibits activity against Gram-positive bacteria, including multi-drug resistant (MDR) strains, with a minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 8-32 μg/mL for methicillin-resistant MRSA strains. Additionally, it effectively reduces the bacterial load in a murine model of MRSA-infected wounds and demonstrates efficacy against P. aeruginosa infections [1].

Lynronne-2, an antimicrobial peptide, exhibits activity against Gram-positive bacteria, including methicillin-resistant MRSA strains (MIC: 32-256 μg/mL), and demonstrates effectiveness in combating P. aeruginosa infections [1].

Lynronne-3, an antimicrobial peptide, demonstrates activity against Gram-positive bacteria, including multi-drug resistant (MDR) strains, with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) ranging from 32-128 μg/mL for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) strains. Additionally, Lynronne-3 is efficacious in combating Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections [1].

Melimine, a hybrid antimicrobial peptide derived from Melittin and Protamine, exhibits broad-spectrum activity against various microorganisms, including bacteria (P. aeruginosa, S. aureus), fungi, and protozoa [1] [2].

LMW peptide, an antimicrobial peptide, exhibits activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, including B. subtilis, L. monocytogenes, E. coli, P. aeruginosa, and V. cholera [1].

KAMP-19 is a keratin-derived antimicrobial peptide with activity against P. aeruginosa. [1]

Dermaseptin-B3 is an antimicrobial peptide that exhibits inhibitory effects against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial strains, with minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of 1.3, 2.3, 5.0, 2.6, and 2.3 μM for S. aureus, P. aeruginosa, E. (ATCC 25922), and E. (54127) respectively. Additionally, this compound demonstrates antiproliferative activity against tumor cells [1] [2].

Bovine tracheal antimicrobial peptide, derived from the tracheal mucosa, exhibits antimicrobial efficacy against E. coli D31, K. pneumoniae 13883, S. aureus 25923, P. aeruginosa 27853, and C. albicans 14053, with respective minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values ranging from 12-25 μg/ml for the first two pathogens, 25-50 μg/ml for the following two, and 6-12 μg/ml for the latter [1].

Distinctin, an antimicrobial peptide derived from frog skin, exhibits antibacterial activity against a range of pathogens including E. faecalis, P. aeruginosa, S. aureus, and E. coli, with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 14.5, 28.0, 28.0, and 14.5 μM, respectively [1].

L-K6L9 exhibits antimicrobial and antibiofilm properties effective against P. aeruginosa associated with cystic fibrosis, demonstrating both stability and resistance to degradation by sputum proteases from cystic fibrosis patients, without inducing bacterial resistance [1].

D-K6L9 exhibits antimicrobial and antibiofilm properties effective against Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from patients with cystic fibrosis. The compound demonstrates stability and resistance to degradation by proteases found in cystic fibrosis sputum and does not promote bacterial resistance [1].