ochratoxin a

Ochratoxin α (Ochratoxin alpha) is a degradation product of Ochratoxin A, used for studying Ochratoxin A degradation.

Valyl-ochratoxin A is a phenylalanyl moiety of ochratoxin A replaced by valine. It is a yeast valyl-tRNA synthetase inhibitor.

Ochratoxin A-13C20is intended for use as an internal standard for the quantification of ochratoxin A by GC- or LC-MS. Ochratoxin A is a mycotoxin that has been found inAspergillusandPenicillium.1It increases lipid peroxide levels and the number of apoptotic cells, as well as reduces superoxide dismutase activity in rat kidney when administered at a dose of 120 μg/kg.2Topical application of ochratoxin A (80 μg/mouse) induces DNA damage, cell cycle arrest at the G0/G1phase, and apoptosis in mouse skin cells.1It also initiates tumor formation in a two-stage mouse skin tumorigenesis model. Ochratoxin A has been found as a contaminant in a variety of foods.3

1-N-Methyl-4-mercaptohistidine disulfide is a potential Duchenne chloroplast coupling factor 1 redox regulator, an oxidized form of ochratoxin A, that inhibits light-triggered CF1 ATPase activity.

Sodium 4-nitrophenyl phosphate hexahydrate (4-Nitrophenyl phosphate disodium hexahydrate) is hydrolyzed by alcohol phosphatase (ALP) and can be used to develop a dual-mode immunoassay for the detection of ochratoxin A (OTA).

Ochratoxin B is produced by a variety of Aspergillus and Penicillium species and is an analog of the mycotoxin Ochratoxin A, which can contaminate agricultural products.

Ochratoxin C is a toxic metabolite from Aspergillus orchraceus.