non-toxicity

(S)-Carvedilol is a non-selective β α-1 blocker.It exerts protection against the vascular or cardiac toxicity of Doxorubicin (DOX).

Ethyl phenylacetate is a greener solvent with low toxicity. Ethyl phenylacetate is a non-mutagenic and is a Kosher food additive. Ethyl phenylacetate gives the wines a strong honey-like character. Ethyl phenylacetate is a natural flavoring ingredient, and its sensory threshold is near 73 µg L. 

(R)-Carvedilol is a non-selective blocker of β α-1. (R)-Carvedilol exerts protection against the vascular or cardiac toxicity of Doxorubicin (DOX).

Avitinib (AC0010), also known as AC0010 or AC0010MA, is an orally available, irreversible, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutant-selective inhibitor, with potential antineoplastic activity. Upon oral administration, avitinib covalently binds to and inhibits the activity of mutant forms of EGFR, including the drug-resistant T790M EGFR mutant, which prevents signaling mediated by mutant forms of EGFR. This may both induce cell death and inhibit tumor growth in EGFR-mutated tumor cells. EGFR, a receptor tyrosine kinase that is mutated in a variety of Ys, plays a key role in tumor cell proliferation and tumor vascularization. As this agent is selective towards mutant forms of EGFR, its toxicity profile may be reduced when compared to non-selective EGFR inhibitors, which also inhibit wild-type EGFR.

Hexythiazox is a mite growth regulator and a thiazolidine based acaricide that has long-lasting effects against many kinds of mites and is applied at any stage of the plant growth from budding to fruiting.

HRX-0233 is a small molecule inhibitor targeting MAP2K4. In vivo, HRX-0233 effectively reduces tumors in H358 KRASG12C mutant non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) without significant toxicity. This compound also prevents feedback activation of receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) when used as a monotherapy with the KRAS inhibitor Sotorasib, leading to more sustained and comprehensive inhibition of the MAPK signaling pathway. HRX-0233 holds potential for research in AR-negative prostate cancer, lung cancer, and colon cancer.

hAChE-IN-9 (compound 7i) is a selective inhibitor of human acetylcholinesterase (hAChE), showcasing inhibition activities with IC50 values of 0.05 μM for AChE and 2.85 μM for BChE. This compound modulates toxic Aβ oligomers into non-toxic forms and offers antioxidant and neuroprotective effects against Aβ-induced toxicity. hAChE-IN-9 is employed in the study of Alzheimer's disease.

TMC647055 Choline Hydroxide Salt is a novel and potent non-nucleoside inhibitor of the HCV NS5B polymerase which potentially for the treatment of HCV infection. It has nanomolar cellular potency (EC(50) of 82 nM) with minimal associated cell toxicity (CC(

LY2389575 hydrochloride is an mGlu3 negative allosteric modulator (NAM) that is selective and non-competitive, with an IC50 value of 190 nM. LY2389575 hydrochloride induces an increase in the level of Mrc1, which amplifies the toxicity of β-amyloid (Aβ), and can be used to study Alzheimer's disease. It can be used to study Alzheimer's disease.

Fluensulfone (MCW-2) is a new nematicide of the fluoroalkenyl thioether group that has significantly reduced environmental impact with low toxicity to non-target insects and mammals.

Aflatoxin G2-13C17is intended for use as an internal standard for the quantification of aflatoxin G2by GC- or LC-MS. Aflatoxin G2is a mycotoxin that has been found inAspergillus.1It is lethal to ducklings (LD50= 2.83 mg/kg) but is non-toxic to rats when administered at a dose of 200 mg/kg.2 1.Bennett, J.W., and Klich, M.MycotoxinsClin. Microbiol. Rev.16(3)497-516(2003) 2.Wogan, G.N., Edwards, G.S., and Newberne, P.M.Structure-activity relationships in toxicity and carcinogenicity of aflatoxins and analogsCancer Res.31(12)1936-1942(1971)

C8 Galactosylceramide is a synthetic C8 short-chain derivative of known membrane microdomain-forming sphingolipids. It increases the amount delivered and toxicity of doxorubicin in cancerous but not non-cancerous cells when incorporated into the nanoliposomal membrane of nanoliposomal-doxorubicin. C8 Galactosylceramide induces proliferation and cytokine production by splenocytes in vitro at concentrations ranging from 100-1,000 ng ml but has no effect on natural killer T cell production in vivo. It also activates NF-κB production in C6 glioma cells when used at a concentration of 10 μM.

TunR1 is an antibiotic and derivative of tunicamycin .1It is active againstB. subtilis(MIC = 0.3 μg/ml) and increases the efficacy of the β-lactam antibiotics oxacillin , methicillin , and penicillin G againstB. subtiliswhen used at a concentration of 0.4 μg/ml. TunR1 (5 μg/ml) is cytotoxic to MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells and non-cancerous CHO cells. Unlike tunicamycin, TunR1 does not inhibit glycosylation in a protein N-glycosylation assay. 1.Price, N.P., Hartman, T.M., Li, J., et al.Modified tunicamycins with reduced eukaryotic toxicity that enhance the antibacterial activity of β-lactamsJ. Antibiot. (Tokyo)70(11)1070-1077(2017)

TunR2 is an antibiotic and derivative of tunicamycin .1It is active againstB. subtilis(MIC = 0.3 μg/ml) and increases the efficacy of the β-lactam antibiotics oxacillin , methicillin , and penicillin G againstB. subtiliswhen used at a concentration of 0.4 μg/ml. Unlike tunicamycin, TunR2 is non-toxic toS. cerevisiae(MIC = >10 μg/ml) and does not inhibit glycosylation in a protein N-glycosylation assay. TunR2 also has reduced antiproliferative activity against MDA-MB-231 and CHO cells compared with tunicamycin. 1.Price, N.P., Hartman, T.M., Li, J., et al.Modified tunicamycins with reduced eukaryotic toxicity that enhance the antibacterial activity of β-lactamsJ. Antibiot. (Tokyo)70(11)1070-1077(2017)

NO-indomethacin is a hybrid molecule of indomethacin and a nitric oxide (NO) donor. This drug design combines the anti-inflammatory properties of a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) with the gastrointestinal protective effects of NO. Compounds of this class retain their anti-inflammatory and analgesic activity, but have reduced gastrointestinal and kidney toxicity compared to the NSAID alone. NO-indomethacin also enhances the cancer chemopreventative activity of indomethacin. NO-indomethacin exhibits an IC50 of 82 μM, compared to >1,000 μM for indomethacin alone, for the inhibition of pancreatic cancer cell (PaCa-2) growth after 24 hours in culture.

Tebanicline is a potent synthetic nicotinic (non-opioid) analgesic drug. It was developed as a less toxic analogue of the potent poison dart frog-derived compound epibatidine. Like epibatidine, tebanicline showed potent analgesic activity against neuropat

Etodolac acyl glucuronide is a phase II metabolite of the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) and COX inhibitor etodolac .1It is formedviaglucuronidation of etodolac by the UDP-glucuronosyltransferase (UGT) isoforms UGT1A9, UGT1A10, and UGT2B7. 1.Kutsuno, Y., Itoh, T., Tukey, R.H., et al.Glucuronidation of drugs and drug-induced toxicity in humanized UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1 miceDrug Metab. Dispos.42(7)1146-1152(2014)

Diclofenac methyl ester is a hydrophobic prodrug form of the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) diclofenac . It is more soluble than diclofenac acid in isopropylmyristate. Diclofenac methyl ester does not permeate human epidermal membranes in vitro.

Ensartinib (X-396) is a potent and orally active dual ALK MET inhibitor for the treatment of ALK-positive non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).

Glycerol or glycerin is a colourless, odourless, viscous liquid that is sweet-tasting and mostly non-toxic. It is widely used in the food industry as a sweetener and humectant and in pharmaceutical formulations. Glycerol is an important component of trigl

HIV-1 inhibitor-41 (Compound B23) is an orally active non-nucleoside HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor with EC50 values of 50 nM against the mutant E138K strain and 20.8 nM against HIV-1 WT. HIV-1 inhibitor-41 exhibits low hERG inhibition, no apparent CYP enzymatic inhibition, and no acute toxicity [1].

Valganciclovir, the L-valyl ester of ganciclovir, is a prodrug effectively converted to ganciclovir in the body, serving as an antiviral medication for cytomegalovirus (CMV) infections. In vitro studies demonstrate that valganciclovir inhibits glycylsarcosine transport mediated by PEPT1 and PEPT2 in Caco-2 and SKPT cells, respectively, with competitive inhibition K(i) values of 1.68±0.30 mM for PEPT1 and 0.043±0.005 mM for PEPT2. Clinical trials indicate valganciclovir's non-inferior efficacy to ganciclovir in pre-emptive therapy for CMV, exhibiting no significant difference in viral clearance rates or toxicity levels between the treatments. Specifically, 89.5% of patients treated with valganciclovir and 83% treated with ganciclovir achieved viral clearance at 28 days (P=0.030 for non-inferiority). Additionally, valganciclovir prophylaxis at 450 mg twice daily prevented CMV reactivation in patients on an alemtuzumab-containing regimen, with none of the 20 patients experiencing reactivation (P=0.004).

HIV-1 inhibitor-40 (Compound 4ab), an HIV-1 non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI) with an EC50 of 1.9 nM, exhibits no significant acute toxicity in vivo and functions as a highly sensitive inhibitor of the orexin receptor antagonist CYP.

HIV-1 inhibitor-8 is a potent, orally active, low toxicity HIV-1 non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI). HIV-1 inhibitor-8 is capable of acting on WT HIV-1 reverse transcriptase (IC50: 0.081 μM). HIV-1 inhibitor-8 exhibited potent antiviral effects against various HIV-1 strains with EC50 values of 4.44-54.5 nM.