mammalian target of rapamycin

3BDO is an activator of mTOR. It can also inhibit autophagy..

Rapamycin (AY 22989) is a natural product of macrolides, an mTOR inhibitor with specificity (HEK293 cells: IC50=0.1 nM). Rapamycin has immunosuppressive activity and induces autophagy.

AZD8055 is an ATP-competitive mTOR inhibitor (IC50: 0.8 nM in MDA-MB-468 cells). It is ~1,000-fold selective for mTOR over all PI3K isoforms.

MHY1485 is an mTOR activator that is cell-permeable. MHY1485 inhibits autophagosome and lysosome fusion, leading to accumulation of LC3II proteins and increased autophagosomes, thereby inhibiting cellular autophagy.

Salidroside is a bioactive phenolic glycoside compound isolated from Rhodiola rosea and is a prolyl endopeptidase inhibitor. Salidroside can alleviate cachexia symptoms in a tumor cachexia mouse model by activating mTOR signaling and protect dopaminergic neurons by enhancing PINK1/Parkin-mediated mitochondrial autophagy. Salidroside can also inhibit the growth of cancer cells by regulating the CDK4-cyclin D1 pathway to block the G1 phase and/or regulating the Cdc2-cyclin B1 pathway to block the G2 phase.

Polyphyllin D induces apoptosis via the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway as evidenced by decreased Bcl-2 expression levels, disruption of MMP and increased Bax, cytochrome C, and cleaved-caspase-3 levels. Polyphyllin D has an anti-angiogenic effect. Polyphyllin D has toxicity in human RBCs as well as its underlying mechanism for the hemolysis and eryptosis/erythroptosis. Polyphyllin D has strong anticancer activity, can overcome drug resistance in R-HepG2 cells and elicit programmed cell death via mitochondrial dysfunction.

Torin 1 is an effective inhibitor of mTORC1/2 with (IC50: 2 nM/10 nM); has 1000-fold selectivity for mTOR than PI3K.

mTOR inhibitor-3 is a selective mTOR inhibitor (Ki= 1.5 nM). mTOR inhibitor-3 inhibits mTORC1 and mTORC2 in cellular and in vivo experiments.

NV-5138 is a selective, orally active intracerebral mTORC1 agonist that binds to Sestrin2. It is a leucine analog. It can be used in biological studies of antidepressants.

BGT226 (NVP-BGT226) is a novel dual PI3K/mTOR inhibitor, targeting PI3K α, β, and γ with IC50 values of 4 nM, 63 nM, and 38 nM, respectively.

WYE-125132 (WYE-132 (WYE-125132)) is a highly potent, ATP-competitive mTOR inhibitor with IC50 of 0.19 nM; highly selective for mTOR versus PI3Ks or PI3K-related kinases hSMG1 and ATR.

GDC-0349 (RG-7603) is a potent and selective ATP-competitive inhibitor of mTOR with Ki of 3.8 nM, 790-fold inhibitory effect against PI3Kα and other 266 kinases. Phase 1.

WAY-600 is a potent, ATP-competitive, and selective inhibitor of mTOR with an IC50 of 9 nM; it blocks mTORC1/P-S6K(T389) and mTORC2/P-AKT(S473) but not P-AKT(T308), and is selective for mTOR over PI3Kα (>100-fold) and PI3Kγ (>500-fold).

PF-04979064 is a potent and selective PI3K and mTOR dual kinase inhibitor, with Ki values of 0.13 nM and 1.42 nM, respectively.

MKC-1 (Ro-31-7453) is an orally bioavailable small-molecule bisindolylmaleimide cell cycle inhibitor with potential antineoplastic activity. MKC-1 and its metabolites inhibit tubulin polymerization, blocking mitotic spindle formation, which may result in apoptosis and tumor cell death.

Daphnetin (7,8-Dihydroxycoumarin), a natural coumarin derivative, is a protein kinase inhibitor with inhibitory for EGFR (IC50: 7.67 μM), PKA (IC50: 9.33 μM), and PKC (IC50: 25.01 μM), also exhibit anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory activities.

Dihydromyricetin (Ampelopsin) is a natural antioxidant flavonoid from Ampelopsis grossedentata. Dihydromyricetin is a potent inhibitor of dihydropyrimidinase with an IC50 of 48 μM. Dihydromyricetin can activate autophagy by inhibiting mTOR signaling.

L-Leucine ((S)-Leucine) is one of nine essential amino acids in humans (provided by food), L-Leucine is important for protein synthesis and many metabolic functions. L-Leucine contributes to regulation of blood-sugar levels; growth and repair of muscle and bone tissue; growth hormone production; and wound healing. L-Leucine also prevents breakdown of muscle proteins after trauma or severe stress and may be beneficial for individuals with phenylketonuria. L-Leucine is available in many foods and deficiency is rare.

(+)-Usnic acid (D-Usnic Acid) is a naturally occurring dibenzofuran derivative found in several lichen species.

D-α-Hydroxyglutaric acid disodium [Disodium (R)-2-Hydroxyglutarate] is a competitive inhibitor of α-ketoglutarate-dependent dioxygenases with a Ki of 0.628 mM.

PQR620 is a novel potent and selective, brain penetrant inhibitor of mTORC1/2.

PI3K/mTOR Inhibitor-2 is a potent pan inhibitor of PI3K and mTOR with IC50s of 3.4, 34, 16.1, and 4.7 nM for PI3Kα, PI3Kβ, PI3Kδ, PI3Kγ, and mTOR, respectively. PI3K/mTOR Inhibitor-2 demonstrates antitumor activity.

MT 63-78 is a specific and effective direct AMPK activator (EC50: 25 μM) that blocks prostate cancer growth by inhibiting the lipogenesis and mTORC1 pathways. It has antitumor effects and induces cell mitotic arrest and apoptosis.

NSC781406 is a highly effective inhibitor of PI3K and mTOR (IC50: 2 nM for PI3Kα).