l-type

Felodipine (CGH-869) is a longlasting 1, 4-dihydropyridine calcium channel repressor.

Isradipine (PN 200-110) is a dihydropyridine calcium channel blocker with antihypertensive and vasodilator activities. Isradipine blocks calcium entry through calcium ion channels in coronary and peripheral vascular smooth muscle, dilating coronary arteries and peripheral arterioles. This action increases oxygen delivery by enhancing blood flow and decreases oxygen requirements by reducing total peripheral resistance.

SR33805 is a potent antagonist of Ca2+ channel(EC50s of 4.1 nM and 33 nM in depolarized and polarized conditions, respectively)

Bay K 8644 (SQ 28,873) is a potent, selective activator of L-type Ca2+ channel with IC50 of 17.3 nM.

PROTACVHL-type degrader-1 is a VHL-type PROTAC degrader. It promotes the degradation of ATM and synergistically enhances the efficacy of the ATR inhibitor, AZD6738.

Etripamil (MSP-2017) displays atrioventricular nodal conduction and prolongs atrioventricular nodal refractory periods by inhibiting calcium ion influx through the calcium slow channels in the atrioventricular node cells. Etripamil is an antagonist of short-acting L-type calcium-channel. It has a rapid onset of action designed for intranasal administration. It is also used to treat Paroxysmal Supraventricular Tachycardia.

Fluspirilene (R 6218) is a non-competitive L-type calcium channel antagonist (IC50: 0.03 μM).Fluspirilene is a long-acting antipsychotic compound used in the treatment of schizophrenia.

Devapamil (Devapamilo) is a phenylalkylamine that blocks L-type calcium currents from the inner side of membrane cells in a use-dependent manner.

Nisoldipine (BAY-k 5552) is a dihydropyridine calcium channel antagonist that acts as a potent arterial vasodilator and antihypertensive agent.

Minocycline hydrochloride (Minocycline HCl) is a tetracycline antibiotic with excellent absorption and tissue penetration that is used for several bacterial infections as well as treatment of acne. Minocycline hydrochloride can cause both an acute hepatitis-like syndrome occurring within 1 to 3 months of starting therapy or a more insidious chronic hepatitis with autoimmune features typically after long-term treatment.

Catharanthine Tartrate is a natural product isolated from Madagascar periwinkle, Catharanthine Tartrate inhibits voltage-operated L-type Ca2+ channel, with anti-cancer and blood pressure-lowering activity

Arachidonic acid (Immunocytophyt) is a polyunsaturated omega-6 essential fatty acid that serves as a major component of biological membranes and animal phospholipids. It is synthesized from dietary linoleic acid and acts as a precursor to lipid mediators such as prostaglandins, thromboxanes, and leukotrienes. Arachidonic acid can improve cognitive responses and cardiovascular function and is commonly used to induce paw edema models.

Lomerizine dihydrochloride (KB-2796) is an antagonist of L- and T-type voltage-gated calcium channels used to treat migraine.

1. Pulegone ((+)-Pulegone) has cytotoxicity followed by regenerative cell proliferation is the MOA for Pulegone-induced urothelial tumors in female rats. 2. Pulegone induces a verapamil-sensitive psychostimulant effect that appears to independ on the opening of L-type calcium channels. 3. Pulegone has negative reinforcing properties and seems to possess anxiolytic-like actions unrelated to the benzodiazepine site of the γ-aminobutyric acid type A (GABAA) receptor.

Diltiazem (CRD 401 free base) is an orally available L-type Ca2+ channel blocker with antihypertensive, antiarrhythmic, and cardioprotective properties that prevent post-reperfusion myocardial injury, angina pectoris, and cardiovascular-related diseases.

Mibefradil dihydrochloride (Ro 40-5967 (dihydrochloride)) is an blocker of calcium channel with moderate selectivity for T-type Ca2+ channels (T-type and L-type currents with IC50s of 2.7 μM and 18.6 μM, respectively).

ILS-920 is a Rapamycin analog characterized by diminished immunosuppressive effects but remarkable neuroprotective properties. It exhibits selective binding affinity towards the immunophilin FKBP52 as well as the β1-subunit of L-type voltage-gated calcium channels (VGCC). ILS-920 displays a notable 200-fold preference for FKBP52 over FKBP12.

(+)-Niguldipine is a potent dual inhibitor that targets L-type Ca2+ channels (Ki=85 pM) and α₁-adrenoceptors (Ki=52 pM). It is a promising compound for the study of hypertension and cardiovascular diseases.

FPL64176 is a L-type calcium channels activator.

1. Heteroclitin D can inhibit L-type calcium channels. 2. Heteroclitin D might be a valuable antitumor promoter or chemopreventor.

NP118809 (39-1B4) is a potent N-type calcium channel blocker(IC50 : 0.11 μM).

Calcicludine, a protein toxin derived from the green mamba (Dendroaspis angusticeps) venom, selectively inhibits high-voltage-activated, particularly L-type, calcium channels with an IC50 of 88 nM and plays a role in excitatory synaptic transmission [1] [2].

Calciseptine, a neurotoxin isolated from the Black Mamba (Dendroaspis p. polylepis) venom, comprises 60 amino acids and is stabilized by four disulfide bonds. It specifically targets and blocks L-type calcium channels [1].

(S)-(-)-Bay-K-8644 ((S)-(-)-Bay K 8644) is an agonist of L-type Ca2+ channels, activating Ba2+ currents with an EC50 of 32 nM.