kainic

(RS)-AMPA ((±)-AMPA) is a glutamate analog and an agonist of the effective and selective excitatory neurotransmitter L-glutamic acid.

Kainic acid is an excitatory amino acid receptor agonist (EC50=16.2 μM). Kainic acid is an effective excitatory toxic agent. Kainic acid induces epileptic seizures.

Generates large inward currents at resting membrane potential

(-)-(α)-Kainic Acid (hydrate) is an effective excitotoxic agent that acts as an agonist of ionotropic glutamate receptor subtypes, capable of inducing seizures and commonly used to establish animal models of epilepsy.

EAAT2(GLT1)-selective non-transportable inhibitor of L-glutamate and L-aspartate uptake

Domoic acid is a kainic acid analog.

NBQX Disodium (FG9202 disodium) is a highly selective, competitive AMPA receptor antagonist with neuroprotective and anticonvulsant activity. NBQX Disodium is a salt of NBQX. NBQX is a potent and selective AMPA rhodosinate receptor antagonist that can be used to antagonize the excitatory toxicity of glutamate. It has anticonvulsant effects in rodent models.

Aspalatone is an anti-platelet aggregator (IC50 = 180 μM, in vitro) that prolongs bleeding time significantly in a rodent model of thromboembolism. Additionally at a minimal effective dose of 24 mg/kg, aspalatone generates antioxidant and neuroprotective effects against kainic acid-induced epilepsy in rat hippocampus.

1. Decursin (Decursinol angelate) is able to attenuate kainic acid-induced seizures and could have potential as an antiepileptic drug. 2. Decursin exhibits hepatoprotective effects , potentially by inhibiting the TGF-β1 induced NOX activation and Smad signaling. 3. Decursin has anti-cancer activity , mediated suppression of the PKCα, MAPK and NF-κB pathways in MCF-7 cells. 4. Decursin exhibits cytotoxicity against various human cancer cells and to possess anti-amnesic activity in vivo through the inhibition of AChE activity.

(RS)-AMPA ((±)-AMPA) monohydrate, a potent and selective agonist of the excitatory neurotransmitter L-glutamic acid and a glutamate analogue, does not interact with the binding sites of kainic acid or NMDA receptors, highlighting its selectivity [1] [2].

Neuronotoxicity-IN-1 is a pyridothiazine derivative. Neuronotoxicity-IN-1 is an inhibitor of kainic acid neurotoxicity with neuroprotective activity[1].

3-ATA is a selective cyclin-dependent kinase 4 (Cdk4) inhibitor, attenuating kainic acid-induced apoptosis in neurons.

Compound 5c (Anticonvulsant agent 5) exhibits high affinity for GABAA receptors (GABAA receptor) and NaV1.3 receptors (NaV1.3 receptor). In the murine psychomotor seizure test, it demonstrated anticonvulsant activity with an ED50 of 107 mg kg. Additionally, Compound 5c shows neuroprotective effects against Kainic acid with an IC50 of 113 μM and possesses blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability.

L-γ-Glutamyl-S-[(4-hydroxyphenyl)methyl] was isolated as the major principle responsible for the inhibition of the in vitro binding of kainic acid to brain glutamate receptors by water extracts of the plant Gastrodia elata.