heat

L-Alanyl-L-glutamine (Ala-Gln), a dipeptide composed of alanine and Gln, is an alternative supplement to L-glutamine in the production of biopharmaceuticals with better solubility and stability than glutamine (Gln).

Hsp70-derived octapeptide acetate (Hsp70-derived octapeptide acetate) is a group of tetratricopeptide repeat (TPR)-containing proteins has been shown to interact with the C-terminal domain of the 70 kDa heat-shock cognate protein (hsc70). In the present study, the effect of the TPR-containing proteins, including the C-terminus of hsc70-interacting protein (CHIP), TPR1 and human glutamine-rich TPR-containing protein (hSGT), on refolding of luciferase by DnaJ and hsc70 was investigated.

FSLLRY-NH2 TFA is a is a protease-activated receptor 2 (PAR2) inhibitor. Reverses taxol-induced mechanical allodynia, heat hyperalgesia and PKC activation in ICR mice. Blocks ERK activation and collagen production in isolated cardiac fibroblasts. Also reduces symptoms in a mouse model of dermatophyte-associated itch.

Galanin is a neuropeptide with diverse biological activities. [1][2][3][4][5] It binds to rat galanin (GAL) receptor subtypes GAL1-3 (IC50s = 0.339, 1.35, and 3.31 nM, respectively) and human GAL1-3 (IC50s = 0.288, 1.62, and 12.3 nM, respectively). [1] Galanin binds to and inhibits contraction of guinea pig gastric smooth muscle cells induced by carbachol . [2] In vivo, Galanin (6 nmol, i.c.v.) increases feeding behavior in rats and increases latency to hindpaw withdrawal in response to heat and mechanical stimulation in a rat model of carrageenin-induced inflammation when administered at a dose of 2 nmol injected into the nucleus accumbens.[3][4] Galanin (5 μg, i.c.v.) also inhibits acetylcholine release induced by scopolamine in the ventral hippocampus of freely moving rats. [5]

Stresscopin-related peptide (human), a specific ligand for the type 2 CRH receptor, effectively suppresses food intake, delays gastric emptying, and decreases heat-induced edema. It plays a crucial role in maintaining homeostasis following stress, making it valuable in stress-related disease research [1].

STh, also known as Escherichia coli heat-stable toxin, is a 19 amino acid polypeptide containing three disulfide bridges. It serves as an antigen of significance in the quest for a comprehensive enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) vaccine.

A group of tetratricopeptide repeat (TPR)-containing proteins has been shown to interact with the C-terminal domain of the 70 kDa heat-shock cognate protein (hsc70). In the present study, the effect of the TPR-containing proteins, including the C-terminus

Tat-AKAP79 (326-336) is a peptide that links the HIV-1 Tat protein transduction domain with an 11-amino acid sequence from A-kinase anchor protein 79 (AKAP79). This compound effectively inhibits the activation-induced sensitization by protein kinase A (PKA) or PKC of the transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) at a concentration of 200 µM in isolated rat dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons. Additionally, it mitigates nocifensive behavior in mice elicited by formalin or phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA014), enhances latency for paw withdrawal from radiant heat, and raises the mechanical threshold force required for paw withdrawal in a carrageenan-induced mouse model of inflammatory pain.

TRPV1-Tat, a peptide antagonist targeting transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1), is composed of amino acids 736-745 derived from TRPV1's A-kinase anchor protein (AKAP)-binding domain, combined with the HIV Tat-derived cell-penetrating peptide sequence. At a concentration of 200 µM, TRPV1-Tat effectively inhibits heat or phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA014)-induced currents in primary mouse dorsal root ganglia via whole-cell patch-clamp assays. Additionally, when administered at dosages of 10 or 30 µM, it elevates the mechanical pain threshold in the hind paws of rats.

PKI (5-24), amide (IP20-amide) is a potent inhibitor of cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA) with an inhibition constant (K i) of 2.3 nM [1]. This 20-residue peptide mirrors the active segment of the heat-stable inhibitor protein specific to PKA, showcasing significant inhibitory efficacy.

Protein kinase inhibitor peptide matches the inhibitory domain of the heat-stable protein kinase inhibitor.

Shepherdin is a synthetic peptide mirroring amino acids 79-87 of human survivin, acting as an inhibitor of the survivin-heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) interaction. It specifically targets the N-terminal domain of Hsp90, blocking the survivin-Hsp90 interaction in human reticulocyte extracts at a 150 µM concentration. Conjugates of Shepherdin with cell-permeable peptides, such as penetratin or the HIV Tat sequence, exhibit anticancer properties both in vitro and in vivo.

Selective PAR2 peptide antagonist. Reverses taxol-induced mechanical allodynia, heat hyperalgesia and PKC activation in ICR mice. Blocks ERK activation and collagen production in isolated cardiac fibroblasts. Also reduces symptoms in a mouse model of derm

Enterotoxin STp (E. coli), a heat-stable enterotoxin, is applicable in vaccine research [1].

(Nle4)-α-MSH, a synthetic analogue of the melanocyte-stimulating hormone α-MSH, exhibits the capability to reversibly darken frog skin. Additionally, it demonstrates sustained activity following exposure to heat and alkali treatment [1].

PKI(5-24) TFA is a synthetic peptide inhibitor of PKA (cAMP-dependent protein kinase) with potent and competitive inhibition properties, exhibiting a K i of 2.3 nM. It corresponds to residues 5-24 of the natural heat-stable protein kinase inhibitor [1][2].