dna double-strand

Eurycomalactone is a natural product isolated from Eurycoma longifolia Jack., acts as a potent NF-κB inhibitor( IC50 of 0.5 μM). Eurycomalactone inhibits protein synthesis, depletes cyclin D1, but does not affect TNFα-induced degradation of IκBα or the phosphorylation of IKKα/β and IκBα.

Cylindrospermopsin, a tricyclic uracil derivative, is a cyanobacterial toxin that was first discovered in an algal bloom contaminating a local drinking supply on Palm Island in Queensland, Australia after an outbreak of a mysterious disease. Cylindrospermopsin targets protein and glutathione synthesis in hepatocytes (IC50s = 1.3 and 2.4 µM, respectively), leading to cell death. [1] It has been shown to inhibit the activity of the uridine monophosphate synthase complex with a Ki value of 10 µM.[2] Cylindrospermopsin is genotoxic, inducing DNA damage as evidenced by double strand breaks and reducing cell viability in HepG2 cells at 0.1-0.5 µg ml.[3]

Mitomycin C (Ametycine) is an antineoplastic agent and DNA double-strand crosslinking agent capable of inducing DNA damage, inhibiting DNA synthesis, suppressing mitosis, and activating apoptosis. Mitomycin C is a broad-spectrum antibiotic against both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria.

Hellebrigenin, as a selective inhibitor of MAPK signaling pathways (ERK, p38, JNK) and XIAP, effectively suppresses Akt expression and phosphorylation. This compound activates endogenous apoptosis pathways (including mitochondrial membrane potential disruption, Caspase family activation, and PARP cleavage) while modulating apoptosis-related protein expression. Hellebrigenin also induces DNA double-strand breaks to activate the ATM pathway, inhibiting tumor cell proliferation and clonogenesis, primarily applied in research of oral squamous cell carcinoma and liver cancer.