cuproptosis

Elesclomol (STA-4783) is an oxidative stress inducer and a highly lipophilic copper ion carrier. Elesclomol induces apoptosis in tumor cells and is used in copper death related studies. Elesclomol also inhibits FDX1-mediated Fe-S cluster biosynthesis.

UM4118 (N-quinolin-8-ylpyridine-2-carboxamide) is a copper ion carrier that triggers an atypical form of mitochondria-based cell death (cuproptosis).UM4118 can be used for the study of acute myeloid leukemia.UM4118 showed no significant effect on VEGF and b-FGF stimulated HMVEC proliferation with LC values of 0.013 and 0.018 μM, respectively.

Disulfiram (TETD) is an inhibitor of the acetaldehyde dehydrogenase ALDH, inhibiting hALDH1 and hALDH2 (IC50=0.15/1.45 μM) with specificity. Disulfiram is acutely sensitized to alcohol and also inhibits GSDMD pore formation.

Penicillamine (Artamine), possessing antineoplastic properties, induces apoptosis by a p53-mediated mechanism and inhibits angiogenesis by chelating with copper, a cofactor for angiogenesis. Artamine is a beta dimethyl analog of the amino acid cysteine. As a degradation product of penicillin antibiotics, Artamine chelates with heavy metals and increases their urinary excretion.

Tiomolibdate diammonium (NSC-286644) is an inhibitor of superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) exerting antiangiogenic and antitumor activities. Tiomolibdate diammonium inhibits the activities of cuproenzymes, including SOD1 and COX.

Zinc pyrithione (OM-1563), an antibacterial and antifungal agent can disrupt membrane transport by blocking the proton pump.

Emeramide (BDTH2) is a thiol-redox antioxidant. It is also a heavy metal chelator.

Tetrathiomolybdate (TM) promotes the dimerization of the metal-binding domain (WLN4) of the cellular copper efflux protein ATP7B through its characteristic sulfur bridge Mo2S6O2 cluster, and is used in the clinical treatment of Wilson's disease.

Zinc pyrithione (Standard) is an analytical standard substance commonly used as a reference sample for zinc pyrithione research and analysis. Zinc pyrithione (OM-1563) disrupts membrane transport by inhibiting proton pumps, exhibiting antifungal and antibacterial activity. It also serves as a copper ion carrier and reagent for copper-induced cell death studies.

Tetraethylenepentamine Pentahydrochloride is a high affinity copper and zinc chelator.

Cu(I) chelator 1 (Compound LH2) is a chelating agent specifically targeting the Cu(I) redox state. It inhibits the production of ROS.

Cu(II)-Elesclomol is a complex formed by the anticancer agent Elesclomol and Cu(II), which selectively transports copper to mitochondria.Cu(II)-Elesclomol has anticancer activity, inhibits the growth of human leukemia K562 cells, and induces cell-cycle arrest, and is used in the study of leukemias.

NSC 689534 forms a chelate with copper (Cu 2+), resulting in the NSC 689534/Cu 2+ complex, which is a potent inducer of oxidative stress and exhibits antitumor activity [1].