bowel dysfunction

Propantheline bromide (Pro-Banthine) competitively antagonizes acetylcholine activity mediated by muscarinic receptors at neuroeffector sites on smooth muscle and exocrine gland cells. Propantheline Bromide is the bromide salt form of propantheline, a quaternary ammonium compound structurally related to belladonna alkaloids. An aspartic acid residue present in the N-terminal portion of the third transmembrane helix of the muscarinic receptor is believed to form an ionic bond with the tertiary or quaternary nitrogen of the antagonist. Antagonism leads to a reduction of exocrine glands secretions and to relax the bronchial muscle and reduce tone and motility of intestinal smooth muscle.

Bevenopran (CB-5945) is a peripheral antagonist of μ-opioid receptor and can be used in studies about the treatment of opioid-induced bowel dysfunction.

Axelopran sulfate is used in Oral Therapies for Opioid-induced Bowel Dysfunction in Patients with Chronic Noncancer Pain.

Teduglutide (ALX-0600) is a glucagon-like peptide-2 analog that increases intestinal absorption by promoting mucosal growth and reducing mucosal degradation, improving intestinal recovery. It is used in the study of short bowel syndrome (SBS). Teduglutide activates NR4a1 nur77 expression and FXR signaling, alleviating intestinal dysfunction in mice and improving lung injury, making it useful for studying metabolic and cardiovascular diseases.

CU06-1004 (Sac-1004) is an orally active compound that mitigates endothelial dysfunction by inhibiting hyperpermeability and inflammation. It reduces vascular leakage and inflammation in multiple animal models, including diabetic retinopathy, stroke, cancer, and inflammatory bowel disease. CU06-1004 also improves conditions in a CDAA-induced mouse model of NASH and enhances cardiac function [1] [2] [3].