bile

Gut restricted-7 (GR-7) is a covalent and orally active pan-bile salt hydrolase (BSH) inhibitor that reduces gut bacterial BSHs and decreases deconjugated bile acid levels in the feces of mice.

Taurine (2-Aminoethanesulfonic acid) is an organic acid widely distributed in animal tissues and is one of the constituents of bile acids. Taurine is involved in a number of processes related to energy expenditure and muscle function, and can treat fatigue and muscles as well as improve immune function.

Anethole trithione (Anetholtrithion) is a bile secretion-stimulating drug that restores salivation and relieves the discomfort of dry mouth in chemotherapy-induced xerostomia.

Taurochenodeoxycholic Acid (12-Deoxycholyltaurine) is one of the main bioactive substances of animals' bile acid.

Taurochenodeoxycholic acid sodium (Sodium taurochenodeoxycholate) is one of the main bioactive substances of animals' bile acid. Taurochenodeoxycholic acid sodium induces apoptosis and shows obvious anti-inflammatory and immune regulation properties. It can increase glucose-induced insulin secretion and stimulate the electrical activity of α2-cells and enhance cytosolic Ca(2+) concentration ([Ca(2+)](c)).

3-Oxo-5β-cholanoic acid (Dehydrolithocholic acid) is a bile acid metabolite that inhibits TH17 cell differentiation by directly binding to the transcription factor RORγt with a Kd of 1.13 μM.

Glycolithocholic acid (Lithocholic acid glycine conjugate) is a glycine conjugate of lithocholic acid.

glycohyodeoxycholic acid is a major metabolite of the secondary bile acid hyodeoxycholic acid in humans.

Brilliant Green Lactose Bile Broth is utilized for the confirmation test of coliform bacteria. It is composed of tryptone, lactose, oxgall, and brilliant green.

Violet Red Bile Agar is used for the solid plate detection of coliforms (GB, SN standards). Its composition includes peptone, yeast extract, sodium chloride, lactose, bile salts, crystal violet, neutral red, and agar.

Violet Red Bile Glucose Agar can be used for the enumeration of intestinal bacteria and identification of Enterobacteriaceae. Each liter of Violet Red Bile Glucose Agar medium contains: 7.0 g pancreatic digest of gelatin, 3.0 g yeast extract, 1.5 g sodium deoxycholate, 10.0 g glucose, 5.0 g sodium chloride, 0.03 g neutral red, 0.002 g crystal violet, and 15.0 g agar.

Bile extract is a biochemical reagent that can be used as a biomaterial for life science related research and as a sulfonylation reagent for organic synthesis and drug discovery.

5'-Methoxynobiletin is a useful organic compound for research related to life sciences and the catalog number is T124370.

Nobiletin (Hexamethoxyflavone) is a natural polymethoxylated flavone isolated from citrus peels with anti-inflammatory and anti-tumor activities. Nobiletin is practically insoluble (in water) and an extremely weak acidic compound (based on its pKa).

5-O-Demethylnobiletin (5-DEMETHYLNOBILETIN) is a natual product, has anti-inflammatory activity, it may act through a direct inhibition of 5-LOX, without affecting the expression of COX-2.

4′-Demethylnobiletin, a bioactive metabolite, activates the PKA ERK CREB signaling pathway, enhances CRE-mediated transcription in hippocampal neurons, and reverses memory impairment linked to NMDA receptor antagonism through ERK signaling stimulation [1].

5-Demethylnobiletin (2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-6,7,8-trimethoxychromen-4-one), a distinctive flavonoid present in citrus fruits, shows potential as a chemopreventive agent against human cancers.

3'-Demethylnobiletin has chemopreventive effects on colon carcinogenesis, it can significantly inhibit the growth of human colon cancer cells, cause cell-cycle arrest, induce apoptosis, and profoundly modulate signaling proteins related with cell prolifer

GroES mobile loop is a flexible region of unbound GroES that interacts with GroEL via the residues located at the tip of the loop.

Lipopolysaccharides (LPS), derived from Escherichia coli O55:B5, are essential components of the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria. Composed of lipid A, a core oligosaccharide, and an O-specific polysaccharide, LPS exhibits strong immunogenicity. It activates immune cells via the TLR4 receptor, induces chemotactic cell migration and cytokine secretion, and helps maintain the integrity of the bacterial outer membrane, protecting against bile salts and lipid-based antibiotics. LPS is commonly used to establish inflammatory models, including arthritis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), and gastrointestinal disease models.

Ceruletide is a decapeptide that serves as a safe and effective cholecystokinin receptor agonist, exerting a direct spasmogenic effect on the gallbladder muscle and bile ducts, and is commonly used to establish pancreatitis models.

Tauroursodeoxycholate (UR 906), also known as ursodoxicoltaurine, is a highly hydrophilic tertiary bile acid that is produced in humans at a low concentration. Tauroursodeoxycholate is the more hydrophilic form of ursodeoxycholic acid, which is the more abundant naturally produced bile acid in humans.Tauroursodeoxycholate is being investigated for use in several conditions such as Primary Biliary Cirrhosis (PBC), insulin resistance, amyloidosis, Cystic Fibrosis, Cholestasis, and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis.

Glycochenodeoxycholic Acid (Lithocholylglycine) is a glycine conjugate of lithocholic acid, a bile acid. It is increased in livers of mice that are fed diets supplemented with ursadeoxycholic acid. Glycolithocholic acid levels are decreased in lean mice treated with obestatin. Serum glycolithocholic acid levels increase with age in children.

Taurocholic acid (N-Choloyltaurine) is a bile acid involved in fat emulsification, possessing notable biological and immunomodulatory activities. It can inhibit bile duct injury induced by hepatic artery ligation by upregulating VEGF-A expression and protect cholangiocytes from TNF-α-induced damage via a PI3K-mediated pathway, and is commonly used to induce pancreatitis models.