bile

Brilliant Green Lactose Bile Broth is utilized for the confirmation test of coliform bacteria. It is composed of tryptone, lactose, oxgall, and brilliant green.

Violet Red Bile Agar is used for the solid plate detection of coliforms (GB, SN standards). Its composition includes peptone, yeast extract, sodium chloride, lactose, bile salts, crystal violet, neutral red, and agar.

Bile extract is a biochemical reagent that can be used as a biomaterial for life science related research and as a sulfonylation reagent for organic synthesis and drug discovery.

3α,6β,7α,12α-Tetrahydroxy bile acid is a tetrahydroxy derivative of bile acid.

Tauro-3α,6α,7α,12α-tetrahydroxy bile acid is a type of taurocholic acid.

Violet Red Bile Glucose Agar can be used for the enumeration of intestinal bacteria and identification of Enterobacteriaceae. Each liter of Violet Red Bile Glucose Agar medium contains: 7.0 g pancreatic digest of gelatin, 3.0 g yeast extract, 1.5 g sodium deoxycholate, 10.0 g glucose, 5.0 g sodium chloride, 0.03 g neutral red, 0.002 g crystal violet, and 15.0 g agar.

Lipopolysaccharides (LPS), derived from Escherichia coli O55:B5, are essential components of the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria. Composed of lipid A, a core oligosaccharide, and an O-specific polysaccharide, LPS exhibits strong immunogenicity. It activates immune cells via the TLR4 receptor, induces chemotactic cell migration and cytokine secretion, and helps maintain the integrity of the bacterial outer membrane, protecting against bile salts and lipid-based antibiotics. LPS is commonly used to establish inflammatory models, including arthritis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), and gastrointestinal disease models.

Stercobilin hydrochloride (mixture of isomers) is a bile pigment metabolized by intestinal bacteria and also acts as an inhibitor of HIV protease (HIVProtease) with a Ki of 4 μM. This compound can induce pro-inflammatory activity in mouse macrophage RAW264 cells, including the production of TNF-α and IL-1β. Stercobilin hydrochloride (mixture of isomers) is utilized in research on inflammation and viral infections.

Deoxycholic acid 3-sulfate is a sulphonated bile acid and endogenous metabolite, suitable for biochemical experiments and drug synthesis research.

Hyodeoxycholic acid sodium salt, a natural secondary bile acid, enhances high-density lipoprotein function, reduces farnesoid X receptor antagonist bile acids, and induces potent cytotoxicity, apoptosis, and IL-8 synthesis.

Taurolithocholic acid 3-sulfate (TLCA3S) is a metabolite of the conjugated bile acid taurolithocholic acid . TLCA3S has been used to study bile acid transport in cellular models and to induce pancreatitis in mouse models of bile acid infusion pancreatitis.

MacConkey Agar (MAC) is used for the selective isolation of enteric pathogens. The composition for 1 liter of MacConkey Agar includes: peptone (20.0 g), lactose (10.0 g), bile salts No. 3 (1.5 g), sodium chloride (5.0 g), neutral red (0.03 g), crystal violet (0.001 g), and agar (15.0 g).

3-Oxo-deoxycholoyl-CoA is a bile acid coenzyme A.

3β,4β,7α,12α-THBA is a type of bile acid.

Tauro-12-oxolithocholanoic acid sodium is a bile acid (BA) used for research into bile acids and their relationship with liver, gallbladder, and bile duct diseases.

Tauroallocholic acid sodium is a type of bile acid.

Cholyl-Lys-Biotin amminlum is a functionalized bile acid.

Deoxycholic acid disulfate sodium is a bile acid (BA).

Glycoisolithocholanoic acid is a type of glycine-conjugated bile acid.

Tauroallolithocholanoic acid is a type of taurine-conjugated bile acid.

Tauro-3β,5α,6β-trihydroxycholanoic acid sodium is a bile acid (BA) used in investigations related to bile acids and their association with liver, gallbladder, and bile duct diseases.

Apocholic Acid (Delta 14 isomer) is a type of bile acid.

2β,3β,7α,12α-THBA is a type of bile acid.

Taurocholyl-Lys-Biotin ammonium is a biotinylated bile acid.