antioxidant;antiviral

Umifenovir is a potent, orally active broad-spectrum antiviral agent with activity against enveloped and non-enveloped viruses, suppressing virus propagation and modulating the expression of inflammatory cytokines for use as an anti-influenza virus agent [3]. It effectively inhibits the fusion of the virus with host cells [1] [2] and is an efficient inhibitor of SARS-CoV-2 in vitro [2].

Chrysin (5,7-Dihydroxyflavone) exhibits many biological activities and pharmacological effects, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, and antiviral activities.

Luteolin (Luteolol) belongs to the flavonoid group of natural products and is a Nrf2 inhibitor, PDE inhibitor. Luteolin has a wide range of biological activities including antitumor, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antiviral, antiallergic, and procoagulant.

1. Octyl Gallate is an antioxidant approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) as a food additive. 2. Octyl Gallate has antimetastatic activity. 3. Octyl Gallate shows antimicrobial activity against H. pylori, with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) value of 125 ug mL. 4. Combination therapy with octyl gallate and ferulic acid improves cognition and neurodegeneration in a transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer's disease.5. Octyl Gallate is a potential anticancer agent, it exhibited decreased MCF-7 & MDA-MB-231 survival and induced apoptosis, with IC50 value of 40 uM. 6. Octyl gallate (Octyl 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoate) has antiviral activity, it shows an inhibitory effect on the growth of herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) in HEp-2 or Vero cells. 7. Octyl gallate shows antifungal activity against Saccharomyces cerevisiae ATCC7754 and Zygosaccharomyces bailii ATCC 60483.

Bilberry Extract is a bilberry extract with antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, antiviral, and antioxidant activities, used in food coloring research.

Kaempferol (Robigenin) is a natural flavonoid and an inverse agonist of ERRα and ERRγ. Kaempferol has a wide range of antitumor, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antibacterial and antiviral activities.

(-)-Arctigenin ((-)-Arctigenin) is found in burdock. (-)-Arctigenin is isolated from Cnicus benedictus, Forsythia viridissima, Arctium lappa, Ipomoea cairica and others (CCD). Arctigenin is a lignan found in certain plants of the Asteraceae, including the Greater burdock (Arctium lappa) and Saussurea heteromalla. It has shown antiviral and anticancer effects. It is the aglycone of arctiin.

Theaflavin is a polyphenolic flavonoid that has been found in black tea and has diverse biological activities, including antioxidant, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, and antiviral properties

Isomangiferin has an antiviral effect, may due to their capability of inhibiting virus replication within cells. It also has antioxidant and radical-scavenging activities.

Cynarin (1,5-Dicaffeoylquinic acid) has neuroprotective, and antioxidant effects, it can inhibition of GSK3β as well as the modulation of Bcl-2 Bax.

Chrysoeriol has antioxidant, antiinflammatory, antitumor, antimicrobial, antiviral, and free radical scavenging activities, it also shows selective bronchodilator effect.

Cyanidin 3-sambubioside chloride (Cyanidin-3-O-sambubioside chloride) is a plant-derived anthocyanin, an inhibitor of NO and H274Y mutations, and an inhibitor of influenza neuraminidase.Cyanidin 3- sambubioside chloride has anti-inflammatory properties. sambubioside chloride has antioxidant, antiangiogenic and antiviral activities and inhibits angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) activity, which can be used in the study of viral infections and cardiovascular diseases.

Ligustroside shows little antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory properties, it shows a significant inhibition effect on prostaglandin E2 (PGE2)-release. Ligustroside shows moderate antiviral activities against parainfluenza type 3 virus.

Antioxidant Agent-9, a peptide featuring the Asp-Trp sequence, exhibits antioxidant properties and demonstrates potential as an antiviral against SARS-CoV-2, possessing an affinity strength comparable to that of Chloroquine and Favipiravir [1] [2].

Lobaric acid is a depsidone metabolite isolated from Stereocaulon lichen species with antioxidant, antiproliferative, antiviral, and enzyme inhibitory activities. It scavenges superoxide radicals in a cell-free assay (IC50 = 97.9 μmol), inhibits proliferation in a panel of leukemia, colorectal, gastric, breast, ovarian, prostate, pancreatic, and lung cancer cell lines (EC50s = 15.2-63.9 μg ml), inhibits protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B; IC50 = 0.87 μM for the human recombinant enzyme), and inhibits production of 12(S)-HETE [Item No. 34570] by 12(S)-lipoxygenase (IC50 = 28.5 μM). In vivo, lobaric acid (250 μM) reduces lesion number, but not lesion diameter, in tobacco leaves infected with tobacco mosaic virus (TMV).

D609 (Tricyclodecan-9-yl-Xanthogenate) has a wide range of biological activities including antioxidant, antiapoptotic, anticholinergic, antitumor, anti-inflammatory, antiviral, antiproliferative, and neuroprotective activities.D609 acts by inducing competitive inhibition of PC-specific phospholipase C (PC-PLC) and sphingomyelin synthase (SMS). D609 acts by causing competitive inhibition of PC-specific phospholipase C (PC-PLC) and sphingomyelin synthase (SMS).

Chrysophanein (Chrysophanol 1-O-glucoside) is a hydroxyquinone compound from Aloe vera with antibacterial, antifungal, and antioxidant activity.

Dodecyl gallate is an antioxidant commonly used in food manufacturing and in the pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries. It is also active against animal viruses such as African swine fever virus (ASFV).

Robinetin (3,3',4',5',7-Pentahydroxyflavone) exhibits potent antioxidant and antiradical activities, effectively inhibiting EYPC membrane lipid peroxidation and HbA glycosylation.

Gossypin has antidiabetic, antioxdiant, anticonvulsant, anti-allergic, antiinflammatory, antinociceptive, cytotoxic and antibacterial activities; it inhibits the NF-kappaB activation pathway, which may explain its role in the suppression of inflammation,

3-Hydroxyterphenyllin is a p-terphenyl fungal metabolite originally isolated from A. candidus that has diverse biological activities, including antioxidant, antiproliferative, antibacterial, and antiviral properties.1,2,3,4 It has a 96% scavenging effect on 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radicals when used at a concentration of 100 μg/ml.2 3-Hydroxyterphenyllin inhibits the growth of HeLa cervical, A549 lung, and HepG2 liver cancer cells (IC50s = 23, 36, and 32 μM, respectively), as well as methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) and V. vulnificus bacteria (MIC = 31 μg/ml for both).3 It also inhibits HIV-1 integrase in both coupled and strand transfer assays (IC50s = 2.8 and 12.1 μM, respectively).4References1. Kurobane, I., Vining, L.C., McInnes, A.G., et al. 3-Hydroxyterphenyllin, a new metabolite of Aspergillus candidus. Structure elucidation by 1H and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. J. Antibiot. (Tokyo) 32(6), 559-564 (1979).2. Yen, G.-C., Chang, Y.-C., Sheu, F., et al. Isolation and characterization of antioxidant compounds from Aspergillus candidus broth filtrate. J. Agric. Food Chem. 49(3), 1426-1431 (2001).3. Wang, W., Liao, Y., Tang, C., et al. Cytotoxic and antibacterial compounds from the coral-derived fungus Aspergillus tritici SP2-8-1. Mar. Drugs 15(11), E348 (2017).4. Singh, S.B., Jayasuriya, H., Dewey, R., et al. Isolation, structure, and HIV-1-integrase inhibitory activity of structurally diverse fungal metabolites. J. Ind. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 30(12), 721-731 (2003). 3-Hydroxyterphenyllin is a p-terphenyl fungal metabolite originally isolated from A. candidus that has diverse biological activities, including antioxidant, antiproliferative, antibacterial, and antiviral properties.1,2,3,4 It has a 96% scavenging effect on 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radicals when used at a concentration of 100 μg/ml.2 3-Hydroxyterphenyllin inhibits the growth of HeLa cervical, A549 lung, and HepG2 liver cancer cells (IC50s = 23, 36, and 32 μM, respectively), as well as methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) and V. vulnificus bacteria (MIC = 31 μg/ml for both).3 It also inhibits HIV-1 integrase in both coupled and strand transfer assays (IC50s = 2.8 and 12.1 μM, respectively).4 References1. Kurobane, I., Vining, L.C., McInnes, A.G., et al. 3-Hydroxyterphenyllin, a new metabolite of Aspergillus candidus. Structure elucidation by 1H and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. J. Antibiot. (Tokyo) 32(6), 559-564 (1979).2. Yen, G.-C., Chang, Y.-C., Sheu, F., et al. Isolation and characterization of antioxidant compounds from Aspergillus candidus broth filtrate. J. Agric. Food Chem. 49(3), 1426-1431 (2001).3. Wang, W., Liao, Y., Tang, C., et al. Cytotoxic and antibacterial compounds from the coral-derived fungus Aspergillus tritici SP2-8-1. Mar. Drugs 15(11), E348 (2017).4. Singh, S.B., Jayasuriya, H., Dewey, R., et al. Isolation, structure, and HIV-1-integrase inhibitory activity of structurally diverse fungal metabolites. J. Ind. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 30(12), 721-731 (2003).

Haemanthamine hydrochloride is an alkaloid isolated from the Amaryllidaceae plants with potent anticancer activity. It inhibits protein biosynthesis during the elongation stage of translation. It has antimalarial, pro-apoptotic, antiviral, antioxidant, an

Damnacanthal is a natural anthraquinone compound with potential anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-malarial, and antiviral effects.Damnacanthal inhibits a variety of protein kinases such as LIMK1 (IC50=0.8 μM), LIMK2 (IC50=1.5 μM), and Lck (IC50=17 nM), and inhibits the growth of human hepatocellular carcinoma (SKHep-1) and human breast cancer (MCF-7) cells.

Methyl 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetate is a polyphenol found in I. aquifolium seeds, exhibiting antioxidant and antiviral activities. It scavenges 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radicals in a cell-free assay (IC50 = 0.0025 mg ml) and inhibits enterovirus 71 replication in rhabdomyosarcoma cells (0.01 μg ml).