antioxidant;antiviral

Luteolin (Luteolol) belongs to the flavonoid group of natural products and is a Nrf2 inhibitor, PDE inhibitor. Luteolin has a wide range of biological activities including antitumor, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antiviral, antiallergic, and procoagulant.

Kaempferol (Robigenin) is a natural flavonoid and an inverse agonist of ERRα and ERRγ. Kaempferol has a wide range of antitumor, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antibacterial and antiviral activities.

Baicalin (Baicalein 7-O-β-D-glucuronide) is a prolyl endopeptidase inhibitor isolated from Scutellaria baicalensis that exhibits anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antitumor, and antiviral activity. Baicalin can be used in research on inflammation, neurodegenerative diseases, tumors, and metabolic syndrome.

Scutellarin (Breviscapin) is a natural flavonoid isolated from Scutellaria baicalensis that exhibits antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antithrombotic, neuroprotective, and cardioprotective and neuroprotective activities. Scutellarin demonstrates antiviral activity against HIV-1 IIIB, HIV-1 (74V), and HIV-1 KM018. Scutellarin inhibits the RANKL-mediated MAPK/NF-κB pathway (IC₅₀ = 10 μM) and activates the Nrf2/HO-1 antioxidant pathway (EC₅₀ = 5 μM). Scutellarin can be used in natural product development and basic research on cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases.

Chrysin (5,7-Dihydroxyflavone) exhibits many biological activities and pharmacological effects, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, and antiviral activities.

(-)-Arctigenin ((-)-Arctigenin) is found in burdock. (-)-Arctigenin is isolated from Cnicus benedictus, Forsythia viridissima, Arctium lappa, Ipomoea cairica and others (CCD). Arctigenin is a lignan found in certain plants of the Asteraceae, including the Greater burdock (Arctium lappa) and Saussurea heteromalla. It has shown antiviral and anticancer effects. It is the aglycone of arctiin.

1. Octyl Gallate is an antioxidant approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) as a food additive. 2. Octyl Gallate has antimetastatic activity. 3. Octyl Gallate shows antimicrobial activity against H. pylori, with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) value of 125 ug/mL. 4. Combination therapy with octyl gallate and ferulic acid improves cognition and neurodegeneration in a transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer's disease.5. Octyl Gallate is a potential anticancer agent, it exhibited decreased MCF-7 & MDA-MB-231 survival and induced apoptosis, with IC50 value of 40 uM. 6. Octyl gallate (Octyl 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoate) has antiviral activity, it shows an inhibitory effect on the growth of herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) in HEp-2 or Vero cells. 7. Octyl gallate shows antifungal activity against Saccharomyces cerevisiae ATCC7754 and Zygosaccharomyces bailii ATCC 60483.

Umifenovir is a potent, orally active broad-spectrum antiviral agent with activity against enveloped and non-enveloped viruses, suppressing virus propagation and modulating the expression of inflammatory cytokines for use as an anti-influenza virus agent [3]. It effectively inhibits the fusion of the virus with host cells [1] [2] and is an efficient inhibitor of SARS-CoV-2 in vitro [2].

Bilberry Extract is a bilberry extract with antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, antiviral, and antioxidant activities, used in food coloring research.

Dodecyl gallate is an antioxidant commonly used in food manufacturing and in the pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries. It is also active against animal viruses such as African swine fever virus (ASFV).

Indole-2-carboxylic acid is an indole carboxylic acid compound with multi-target biological activity, exhibiting neuroprotective, antiviral, and antioxidant properties. Indole-2-carboxylic acid is a competitive antagonist at the glycine site of the NMDA receptor (Ki = 15 μM). Indole-2-carboxylic acid specifically inhibits the potentiating effect of glycine on NMDA-gated currents, blocking the neurotoxicity caused by excessive NMDA receptor activation, and can be used in research on the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases and cerebral ischemic injury. Indole-2-carboxylic acid is also an HIV-1 integrase inhibitor; it interferes with the integration of viral DNA into the host genome and can be used in the development of anti-HIV drugs.

Haemanthamine is an alkaloid isolated from the Amaryllidaceae plants with potent anticancer activity. It inhibits protein biosynthesis during the elongation stage of translation. It has antimalarial, pro-apoptotic, antiviral, antioxidant, and anticonvulsa

Haemanthamine hydrochloride is an alkaloid isolated from the Amaryllidaceae plants with potent anticancer activity. It inhibits protein biosynthesis during the elongation stage of translation. It has antimalarial, pro-apoptotic, antiviral, antioxidant, an

Zapotin is a natural polyhydroxylated flavonoid that inhibits K562 cells, E. coli, and HIV-1 RT RNase H, exhibiting antioxidant, antiviral, antibacterial, anticonvulsant, anticancer, anxiolytic, antifungal, and antidepressant-like activities.

D609 (Tricyclodecan-9-yl-Xanthogenate) has a wide range of biological activities including antioxidant, antiapoptotic, anticholinergic, antitumor, anti-inflammatory, antiviral, antiproliferative, and neuroprotective activities.D609 acts by inducing competitive inhibition of PC-specific phospholipase C (PC-PLC) and sphingomyelin synthase (SMS). D609 acts by causing competitive inhibition of PC-specific phospholipase C (PC-PLC) and sphingomyelin synthase (SMS).

Lactacystin is an orally active, irreversible, and cell-permeable proteasome inhibitor (IC50 = 4.8 μM) that also inhibits the lysosomal enzyme cathepsin A. It induces apoptosis and cell cycle arrest, possesses anticancer, antiviral, and antioxidant activities, can penetrate the blood-brain barrier, and is commonly used in the construction of Parkinson’s disease and dementia models.

Setomimycin is a potent antibiotic compound that inhibits the SARS-CoV-2 main protease (Mpro) with an IC50 value of 12.02 μM, and also exhibits anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antiproliferative, and antitumor activities, enabling multidisciplinary research spanning antiviral drug discovery, inflammation biology, and cancer pharmacology.

3-Hydroxyterphenyllin is a p-terphenyl fungal metabolite originally isolated from A. candidus that has diverse biological activities, including antioxidant, antiproliferative, antibacterial, and antiviral properties.1,2,3,4 It has a 96% scavenging effect on 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radicals when used at a concentration of 100 μg/ml.2 3-Hydroxyterphenyllin inhibits the growth of HeLa cervical, A549 lung, and HepG2 liver cancer cells (IC50s = 23, 36, and 32 μM, respectively), as well as methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) and V. vulnificus bacteria (MIC = 31 μg/ml for both).3 It also inhibits HIV-1 integrase in both coupled and strand transfer assays (IC50s = 2.8 and 12.1 μM, respectively).4References1. Kurobane, I., Vining, L.C., McInnes, A.G., et al. 3-Hydroxyterphenyllin, a new metabolite of Aspergillus candidus. Structure elucidation by 1H and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. J. Antibiot. (Tokyo) 32(6), 559-564 (1979).2. Yen, G.-C., Chang, Y.-C., Sheu, F., et al. Isolation and characterization of antioxidant compounds from Aspergillus candidus broth filtrate. J. Agric. Food Chem. 49(3), 1426-1431 (2001).3. Wang, W., Liao, Y., Tang, C., et al. Cytotoxic and antibacterial compounds from the coral-derived fungus Aspergillus tritici SP2-8-1. Mar. Drugs 15(11), E348 (2017).4. Singh, S.B., Jayasuriya, H., Dewey, R., et al. Isolation, structure, and HIV-1-integrase inhibitory activity of structurally diverse fungal metabolites. J. Ind. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 30(12), 721-731 (2003). 3-Hydroxyterphenyllin is a p-terphenyl fungal metabolite originally isolated from A. candidus that has diverse biological activities, including antioxidant, antiproliferative, antibacterial, and antiviral properties.1,2,3,4 It has a 96% scavenging effect on 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radicals when used at a concentration of 100 μg/ml.2 3-Hydroxyterphenyllin inhibits the growth of HeLa cervical, A549 lung, and HepG2 liver cancer cells (IC50s = 23, 36, and 32 μM, respectively), as well as methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) and V. vulnificus bacteria (MIC = 31 μg/ml for both).3 It also inhibits HIV-1 integrase in both coupled and strand transfer assays (IC50s = 2.8 and 12.1 μM, respectively).4 References1. Kurobane, I., Vining, L.C., McInnes, A.G., et al. 3-Hydroxyterphenyllin, a new metabolite of Aspergillus candidus. Structure elucidation by 1H and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. J. Antibiot. (Tokyo) 32(6), 559-564 (1979).2. Yen, G.-C., Chang, Y.-C., Sheu, F., et al. Isolation and characterization of antioxidant compounds from Aspergillus candidus broth filtrate. J. Agric. Food Chem. 49(3), 1426-1431 (2001).3. Wang, W., Liao, Y., Tang, C., et al. Cytotoxic and antibacterial compounds from the coral-derived fungus Aspergillus tritici SP2-8-1. Mar. Drugs 15(11), E348 (2017).4. Singh, S.B., Jayasuriya, H., Dewey, R., et al. Isolation, structure, and HIV-1-integrase inhibitory activity of structurally diverse fungal metabolites. J. Ind. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 30(12), 721-731 (2003).

Methyl 3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetate is an effective enterovirus 71 (EV71) inhibitor capable of suppressing EV71 replication in rhabdomyosarcoma (RD) cells, exhibiting antiviral activity.

Pentagalloylglucose (Penta-O-galloyl-β-D-glucose) is a natural product functioning as an apoptosis and autophagy inducer. Possessing oral bioavailability, this compound exhibits diverse pharmacological effects including antiviral and antitumor activities through modulation of the GSK3β/β-catenin and p53 signaling pathways.

Isomangiferin has an antiviral effect, may due to their capability of inhibiting virus replication within cells. It also has antioxidant and radical-scavenging activities.

1. (2S)-Isoxanthohumol shows an antiviral activity towards herpes viruses (HSV1 and HSV2) and bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV). 2. Isoxanthohumol is a polyphenol with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antiangiogenic properties, seems to regulate in vivo vascular proliferation and stabilization and the EC-VSMC-inflammatory crosstalk.

Hispolon is a polyphenol. Hispolon can be isolated from Phellinus linteus. Hispolon exhibits anticancer, antidiabetic, antiviral, hepatoprotective, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory activities.

Cynarin (1,5-Dicaffeoylquinic acid) has neuroprotective, and antioxidant effects, it can inhibition of GSK3β as well as the modulation of Bcl-2/Bax.