anti-fibrotic

Aucubin (Rhinanthin) is an iridoid glycoside with anti-inflammatory, anti-microbial, anti-algesic as well as anti-tumor activities.

(±)-Taxifolin ((±)-Dihydroquercetin) is the racemate of Taxifolin, a flavonoid with anti-tyrosinase and anti-fibrotic activity, commonly found in onion, silymarin, French maritime pine bark, and Douglas fir bark. It inhibits collagenase with an IC50 value of 193.3 μM and acts as a free radical scavenger with antioxidant capacity.

Mogroside III-E, a cucurbitane-type compound isolated from Siraitia grosvenorii, exhibits anti-inflammatory activity by attenuating LPS-induced acute lung injury in mice through the regulation of the TLR4 MAPK NF-κB axis via AMPK activation. Additionally, it demonstrates anti-fibrotic activity by reducing pulmonary fibrosis through Toll-Like receptor 4 pathways.

Physalin A is an anti-inflammatory compound isolated from P. alkekengi with anti-fibrotic effects, regulating the Nrf2 pathway through ERK and p38 to induce detoxification enzymes. Physalin A blocks the activation of the NF-kappaB signaling pathway. Physalin A reduces mammosphere formation by reducing the expression of the GLI1 gene and the YAP1 gene.