alpha-d-glucose

alpha-D-glucose (α-Dextrose) is a primary source of energy for living organisms. It is naturally occurring and is found in fruits and other parts of plants in its free state. It is used therapeutically in fluid and nutrient replacement.

Isomaltose (D-Isomaltose) is a reducing disaccharide, similar to maltose, but with an α-(1-6)-linkage instead of the α-(1-4)-linkage.

D-Galactose (Alpha-D-galactose) is an aldohexose that exists naturally in the D-form in lactose, cerebrosides, gangliosides, and mucoproteins and is converted enzymatically into D-glucose for metabolism or polysaccharides for storage. It accelerates senescence in invertebrates and mammals and has been used as a model for aging.

D-Melibiose (Galalpha1-6Glcbeta) is a reducing disaccharide formed by an alpha-1, 6 linkage between galactose and glucose (D-Gal-α(1→6)-D-Glc).

Uridine 5′-diphosphoglucose disodium salt (UDP-Glucose sodium salt) is an endogenous nucleotide sugar involved in glycosyltransferase reactions in metabolism. It is an agonist of the P2Y14 receptor (EC50 = 0.35 μM) and can also bind to and activate GPR17, inducing oligodendrocyte differentiation at a maximal concentration of 100 μM.

α-D-Glucose-1,6-bisphosphate is abis-phosphorylated derivative of α-D-glucose that has roles in carbohydrate metabolism.1It is the product of the reaction of glucose-1- or 6-phosphate with glucose-1,6-bisphosphate synthase (PGM2LI) in the conversion of 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate to 3-phosphoglycerate.2It is also a cofactor for the bacterial enzyme phosphopentomutase.3,4α-D-Glucose-1,6-bisphosphate has been used in the study of carbohydrate metabolism. 1.Beitner, R.Regulation of carbohydrate metabolism by glucose 1,6-bisphosphate in extrahepatic tissues; comparison with fructose 2,6-bisphosphateInt. J. Biochem.22(6)553-557(1990) 2.Maliekal, P., Sokolova, T., Vertommen, D., et al.Molecular identification of mammalian phosphopentomutase and glucose-1,6-bisphosphate synthase, two members of the α-D-phosphohexomutase familyJ. Biol. Chem.282(44)31844-31851(2007) 3.Moustafa, H.M.A., Zaghloul, T.I., and Zhang, Y.-H.P.A simple assay for determining activities of phosphopentomutase from a hyperthermophilic bacterium Thermotoga maritimaAnal. Biochem.50175-81(2016) 4.Panosian, T.D., Nannemann, D.P., Watkins, G.R., et al.Bacillus cereus phosphopentomutase is an alkaline phosphatase family member that exhibits an altered entry point into the catalytic cycleJ. Biol. Chem.286(10)8043-8054(2011)

α-D-Glucose-1-phosphate sodium hydrate (Glucose-1-phosphate sodium hydrate) is an intermediate in glycogen metabolism and a precursor in UDP-glucose biosynthesis.

α-D-Glucose 1-phosphate disodium salt is converted into D-glucose-6-phosphate by the enzyme phosphoglucomutase.

4,6-O-Ethylidene-α-D-glucose (Ethylidene-glucose), a derivative of glucose, serves as a competitive inhibitor for the exofacial binding site of glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1), exhibiting a Ki of 12 mM against wild-type 2-deoxy-D-glucose transport.