agriculture

Monepantel (AAD1566) is an organic anthelmintic and nicotinic acetylcholine receptor antagonist from roundworms and esophagostomies that is widely used for de-worming in agriculture and livestock.

Admire is an important compound in the study of pesticides in agriculture.

Fenhexamid (Elevate), a sterol biosynthesis inhibitor, shows antifungal activity against the plant pathogenic fungus. Fenhexamid is used for agriculture and is present in measurable amounts in fruits and vegetables.

Cyfluthrin binds to voltage-sensitive sodium channel such as Nav 1.8 sodium channel and modify their gating kinetics, thereby disrupting nerve function of pests.

Diclofop-methyl is a common post-growth herbicide commonly used in agriculture. It enhances proton permeability of isolated oat root vesicle membranes.

N6-(m-Methoxybenzyl)adenosine is an adenine nucleoside analog and a cytokinin derivative that can be used in agriculture to study branch growth and reproduction.

Chlormequat chloride (EI 38,555), a plant growth regulator, is widely applied in agriculture because it can promote sturdier growth of the crops.

Imidacloprid is a systemic chloronicotinyl insecticide, which can be effectively used in agriculture to control pests .

Enilconazole is an Agricultural fungicide Enilconazole is a fungicide widely used in agriculture, particularly in the growing of citrus fruits. It is also called Imazalil (Enilconazole), Chloramizole, Freshgard, Fungaflor, and Nuzone

3-Indoleacetic acid sodium (Heteroauxin sodium salt) is a naturally occurring plant hormone of the auxin class. It can stimulate cell elongation and division, promoting plant growth and development. However, at high concentrations, it exhibits growth inhibiting effects, including epinasty and prevention of shoot and root growth. This latter effect formed the basis for which synthetic auxins were developed as herbicides and bioregulators in agriculture.

Thiacloprid is a neonicotinoid insecticide that acts as a selective agonist at insect nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) with IC50values of 2.7 and 860 nM forDrosophilanAChRs and M10 mouse fibroblast cells expressing α4β2 subunit-containing nAChRs, respectively.1It is active against aphids, whiteflies, various species of beetle, andLepidopteraspecies when used at concentrations ranging from 48 to 180 g AI hectare.2It has anti-estrogenic activity in a yeast estrogen screen and is toxic to adult female houseflies and mice (LD50s = 0.03 and 28 mg kg, respectively).1,3Formulations containing thiacloprid have been used in the control of insects in agriculture. 1.Tomizawa, M., and Casida, J.E.Selective toxicity of neonicotinoids attributable to specificity of insect and mammalian nicotinic receptorsAnnu. Rev. Entomol.48339-364(2003) 2.Elbert, A., Erdelen, C., Kuhnhold, J., et al.Thiacloprid, a novel neonicotinoid insecticide for foliar applicationProc. Brighton Crop. Prot. Conf. - Pests and Diseases121-26(2000) 3.Westlund, P., and Yargeau, V.Investigation of the presence and endocrine activities of pesticides found in wastewater effluent using yeast-based bioassaysSci. Total Environ.607-608744-751(2017)

2,3-Butanediol, derived from the bioconversion of natural resources, holds significant potential for various industries, including chemical, cosmetics, agriculture, and pharmaceutical sectors.

Diphenylamine hydrochloride, isolated from coriander, has antioxidant properties. In agriculture, it can be used as a fungicide and antibacterial agent; in industry, it can be used as an antioxidant and dye mordant.

Boscalid is a broad-spectrum carboxamide fungicide that inhibits fungal respiration by binding to the ubiquinone site of mitochondrial complex II succinate dehydrogenase.1It suppresses mycelial growth ofS. minorby 87 to 100% and ofS. sclerotiorumby 77 to 100% when used at a concentration of 1 μg ml.2In field studies, boscalid applied at 5.6 μg cm2provides 55.5 and 30.4% disease control for lettuce drop caused byS. minorandS. sclerotiorum, respectively. It decreases cell viability of mouse primary cortical neurons following long-term exposure but is not cytotoxic (LC50= >100 μM for acute and continuous exposure). Formulations containing boscalid have been used in agriculture to prevent fungal growth on crops. 1.Wang, Y., Duan, Y., Wang, J., et al.A new point mutation in the iron-sulfur subunit of succinate dehydrogenase confers resistance to boscalid in Sclerotinia sclerotiorumMol. Plant Pathol.16(7)653-661(2015) 2.Matheron, M.E., and Porchas, M.Activity of boscalid, fenhexamid, fluazinam, fludioxonil, and vinclozolin on growth of Sclerotinia minor and S. sclerotiorum and development of lettuce dropPlant Dis.88(6)665-668(2004)

Diclofop-methyl is a common post-growth herbicide commonly used in agriculture. It enhances proton permeability of isolated oat root vesicle membranes.

TMTD (Tetramethylthiuram disulfide) reduces the growth performance of chickens by reducing liver index, while increasing kidney, heart and spleen index. In addition, TMTD also induces tibial chondrodysplasia (TD) by regulating the expression of VEGF, HIF-1α and WNT4. As a super accelerator in rubber processing, TMTD plays an important role in the low-temperature vulcanization process and is a key pesticide in agriculture.

Pulcherriminic acid, a cyclic dipeptide antimicrobial compound predominantly found in Bacillus and yeast, exhibits a strong affinity for Fe3+. It chelates iron ions via a non-enzymatic reaction, forming the extracellular red pigment pulcherrimin. This pigment competes for iron nutrition, thereby exerting an antibacterial effect. Pulcherriminic acid holds significant potential for applications in the food, agriculture, and medical industries [1] [2].

Tyrosinase-IN-1 (compound 90) is a potent tyrosinase inhibitor with broad potential as a skin-whitening agent and food preservative, applicable in the fields of food, cosmetics, agriculture, and medicine. [1]

Tyrosinase-IN-4 (compound 34) is a potent tyrosinase inhibitor with potential applications in food preservation, skin-whitening agents, and the fields of food, cosmetics, agriculture, and medicine[1].

4-Chlorophenoxyacetic acid (4-CPA) is a widely utilized herbicide in agriculture for weed control. It can be degraded through an electrochemical oxidation process in aqueous media. The end products of 4-Chlorophenoxyacetic acid degradation are harmless, including carbon dioxide, water, and chloride ions.

Andrimid is a pseudopeptide antibiotic characterized as a polyketide-nonribosomal peptide hybrid product (PK-NRP). It inhibits the carboxyl transfer reaction of bacterial acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC), thereby suppressing the biosynthesis of bacterial fatty acids. Andrimid is widely applicable in biomedicine and bio-agriculture.

Dimerum acid is a dihydroxamate (dihydroxamate) type iron carrier (siderophore) found in Penicillium chrysogenum. It serves as a precursor or degradation product of coprogen and significantly enhances iron uptake in Strategy I plants (such as cucumber) and Strategy II plants (such as maize). At a pH of 6.0, dimerum acid releases bioavailable Fe3+ through ligand exchange with plant-secreted phytosiderophore (phytosiderophore, PS) or EDTA, thereby improving iron supply efficiency in plants. Dimerum acid is applicable in research related to plant iron nutrition and agriculture.

Fenitrothion (Arbogal) is a broad-spectrum insecticide that shows reproductive toxicity in Caenorhabditis elegans, inhibiting cholinesterase and mites. It is commonly used in agriculture.

Karrikinolide, a phytoreactive compound derived from smoke, holds potential in horticulture, ecological restoration, and agriculture. This compound exhibits regulatory properties by influencing endogenous cytokinin concentrations and stimulating plant growth.