adverse

Domperidone (R33812)(Motilium) is a dopamine blocker and an antidopaminergic reagent. It blocks the action of. It has strong affinities for the D2 and D3 dopamine receptors, which are found in the chemoreceptor trigger zone, located just outside the blood brain barrier, which - among others - regulates nausea and vomiting (area postrema on the floor of the fourth ventricle and rhomboid fossa).

Phenindione (Rectadione) is an indandione that has been used as an anticoagulant. Phenindione has actions similar to WARFARIN, but it is now rarely employed because of its higher incidence of severe adverse effects.

Reserpine (Serpalan) is an alkaloid isolated from the root of Rauwolfia serpentina. As an inhibitor of vesicular monoamine transporter 2 (VMAT2), it suppresses the uptake of norepinephrine into storage vesicles, leading to depletion of catecholamines and serotonin in central and peripheral nerve terminals. It has antihypertensive and antipsychotic effects and can be used to induce gastric ulcer and depression models.

Levobupivacaine is an amino-amide local anaesthetic drug belonging to the family of n-alkylsubstituted pipecoloxylidide. It is the S-enantiomer of bupivacaine. Levobupivacaine hydrochloride is commonly marketed by AstraZeneca under the trade name Chirocaine. Compared to bupivacaine, levobupivacaine is associated with less vasodilation and has a longer duration of action. It is approximately 13 per cent less potent (by molarity) than racemic bupivacaine.Levobupivacaine is indicated for local anaesthesia including infiltration, nerve block, ophthalmic, epidural and intrathecal anaesthesia in adults; and infiltration analgesia in children. Adverse drug reactions (ADRs) are rare when it is administered correctly. Most ADRs relate to administration technique (resulting in systemic exposure) or pharmacological effects of anesthesia, however allergic reactions can rarely occur.

BTMPS is a usage-dependent nicotinic antagonist capable of reducing acute withdrawal symptoms associated with morphine use. BTMPS is a light stabiliser that delays oxidation in plastics and coatings.

Hexachloroethane, also known by its systematic name perchloroethane, is a chlorinated hydrocarbon and a chlorinated alkane that appears as a white or colorless crystalline solid at room temperature, with a distinctive camphor-like odor. Hexachloroethane has various industrial uses, including in military smoke compositions, metal and alloy production, and as an ingredient in some specialized pesticides and lubricants. Hexachloroethane is also known to be toxic and can cause significant adverse health effects in humans upon exposure.

Carbidopa (Lodosyn) is an aromatic-L-amino-acid decarboxylase inhibitor (IC50: 29±2 μM). It is used in PARKINSON DISEASE to reduce peripheral adverse effects of LEVODOPA.

3,3',4,4'-Benzophenonetetracarboxylic dianhydride is a compound used as a polyimide precursor in the production of polyimide films and adhesives. It is a non-toxic material with no known adverse effects on human health.

(±)-C3001a is the racemic mixture of C3001a (CAS: 2415154-29-7). C3001a is a selective activator of the TREK channel within the two-pore-domain potassium channel (K2P) family. C3001a specifically binds to a cryptic site formed by P1 and TM4 in TREK-1, thereby promoting the selective regulation of TREK-1 activity. C3001a targets TREK channels in the peripheral nervous system, reducing the excitability of pain-sensing neurons.

Hydroxocobalamin acetate is used as a dietary supplement in the treatment of vitamin B12 deficiency including pernicious anemia. Hydroxocobalamin, an injectable naturally occurring form of vitamin B12 with a favorable adverse effect profile, is approved by the US Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of cyanide toxicity.

Balapiravir (R1626, Ro 4588161) is the prodrug of a nucleoside analogue inhibitor of the hepatitis C virus (HCV) RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (R1479, RG1479). IC50 Value: Target: HCV Balapiravir was discontinued for safety reasons in 28-36% of patients (m

Odiparcil is an orally active beta-d-thioxyloside analog. Odiparcil is an indirect thrombin inhibitor that exerts its anticoagulant effect through activation of antithrombin II (heparin cofactor II). It also has an antithrombotic activity associated with a reduced risk of adverse bleeding events.

Ch282-5, an orally active inhibitor targeting the Bcl-2 protein, promotes mitochondria-dependent apoptosis (Apoptosis) by disrupting mitophagy and the mTOR pathway. It demonstrates antiproliferative effects on colorectal cancer cells, effective both in vitro and in vivo, while also inhibiting metastasis. Further, Ch282-5 augments Oxaliplatin-induced autophagy (Autophagy) by downregulating Mcl-1 protein and raising platelet count, which helps mitigate the adverse effects of Navitoclax.

EcGUS-IN-1 (Compound E-9) is a non-competitive inhibitor of β-glucuronidase, featuring an IC50 value of 2.68 μM and a Ki value of 1.64 μM. This compound effectively mitigates gastrointestinal adverse events (GIAE) associated with Escherichia coli infections by inhibiting the activity of E. coli β-glucuronidase.

Vitamin A Propionate, an ester derivative of vitamin A, exhibits varying effects on growth, serum biochemistry, and hematological indices in foal nutrition studies depending on the dosage administered. Both excessively high and low doses lead to adverse impacts. These effects are correlated with the concentrations of vitamin A in the plasma, liver, and kidneys.

MC1, an effective NLRP3 inhibitor, exhibits a KD value of 19.3 nM and is devoid of cytotoxicity. This compound enhances cognitive function without causing adverse effects and exhibits no hepatotoxicity. MC1 holds potential for research in Alzheimer's disease.

AZD-9164, a muscarinic M3 receptor antagonist, is developed for potential use in treating chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. It is anticipated that AZD-9164 could surpass tiotropium's therapeutic index by enhancing both the extent and persistence of pulmonary function improvements, while not amplifying systemically-mediated adverse events.

Penoxsulam, as an acetolactate synthase inhibitor, eliminates plants through a mechanism absent in animal systems, and it has negligible adverse effects on most species.

LJ-2698 is an adenosine A3 receptor antagonist under investigation for treating emphysema and DKD (Diabetic Kidney Disease). In mouse lung models, LJ-2698 effectively mitigates elastase-induced adverse effects and inhibits matrix metalloproteinase activity and apoptosis. Additionally, it is being explored for its potential in treating diabetic nephropathy, successfully preventing various types of kidney damage in mice.

Traboxopine (EGYT-2509) demonstrates specific dopamine antagonist activity with the potential for minimal adverse side effects.

GSK163929 (compound 122) is an orally active CCR5 antagonist with anti-HIV properties and demonstrates low inhibitory potency against hEGR. Administered at a dosage of 2000 mg/kg/day (i.v., 7 d), it shows no adverse effects in rats, and at 250 mg/kg/day (i.v., 7 d), it is similarly non-toxic in dogs.

DBPR116 is a prodrug of BPRMU191 that can penetrate the blood-brain barrier. It significantly enhances the delivery efficiency of drugs targeting the central nervous system. When combined with the antagonist Naltrexone, DBPR116 demonstrates superior safety and analgesic effects compared to morphine in various in vivo pharmacological studies, including thermal pain models, cancer pain models, constipation, sedation, psychological dependence, heart rate, and respiratory frequency. As a strategy for peripheral administration, DBPR116 effectively alleviates pain while reducing adverse effects, showing promise as a safer opioid analgesic.

IL-17-IN-3 (compound 11) is an IL-17A inhibitor with an IC50 value of 35 nM. In a rat tolerance study, it showed no adverse reactions when administered at doses up to 300 mg/kg/day for four consecutive days.

MIDD0301 (GL-II-93) sodium is an orally active inhibitor of γ-aminobutyric acid type A receptors (GABAAR) and an anti-asthmatic agent. It shows bio- and immunotoxicological safety in mice without affecting circulating lymphocyte, monocyte, and granulocyte counts. MIDD0301 sodium demonstrates no significant adverse immune responses under repeated dosing and is more favorable than Prednisone. It relaxes histamine-contracted tracheal smooth muscle in guinea pigs and humans, making it a valuable candidate for research in bronchoconstriction-related diseases.