Hemopressin(human, mouse) TFA

Hemopressin TFA, a nonapeptide originating from the α1-chain of hemoglobin and initially isolated from rat brain homogenates, is an orally active, selective inverse agonist of CB1 cannabinoid receptors that demonstrates antinociceptive effects in inflammatory pain models [1] [2].

Adropin (34-76) (human, mouse, rat) is a peptide that attenuates liver fibrosis and insulin resistance independent of obesity or food intake.

LEP(116-130)(mouse) is a synthetic leptin peptide fragment.

PACAP-38 (31-38), human, mouse, rat acetate is an activator of PAC1 receptor. PACAP-38 (31-38), human, mouse, rat acetate demonstrates potent, efficacious, and sustained stimulatory effects on sympathetic neuronal NPY and catecholamine production and can

Kisspeptin-10, human TFA is a potent vasoconstrictor and angiogenesis inhibitor. Kisspeptin-10, human TFA acts as a tumor metastasis suppressor via its receptor GPR54. Kisspeptin-10-GPR54 system plays an important role in embryonic kidney development. Kisspeptin-10/GPR54 signaling induces osteoblast differentiation via NFATc4-mediated BMP2 expression

Gastrin-Releasing Peptide, human(TFA) is a regulatory human peptide that elicits gastrin release and regulates gastric acid secretion and enteric motor function. The post-ganglionic fibers of the vagus nerve that innervate the G cells of the stomach release GRP, which stimulates the G cells to release gastrin.

Enterostatin, human, mouse, rat acetate is a pentapeptide mainly formed in the intestine by the cleavage of secreted pancreatic procolipase.

Hemopressin (human, mouse) acetate is a nonapeptide derived from the α1-chain of hemoglobin, is originally isolated from rat brain homogenates. Hemopressin is orally active, selective and inverse agonist of CB1 cannabinoid receptors. Hemopressin exerts an

MCH(human, mouse, rat) is a potent endogenous agonist at melanin-concentration hormone (MCH) receptors (IC50 values are 0.3 and 1.5 nM and EC50 values are 3.9 and 0.1 nM at MCH1 and MCH2 receptors respectively). Increases food intake in vivo.

MCH (human, mouse, rat) TFA is a potent peptide agonist for MCH receptors, demonstrating strong affinity with binding IC 50 values of 0.3 nM for MCH1R and 1.5 nM for MCH2R. It is notably effective against MCH-2R in a CHO cell line, as evidenced by the mobilization of intracellular calcium measured with FLIPR, revealing functional activation EC 50 values of 3.9 nM for MCH-1R and 0.1 nM for MCH-2R [1].

TIP39, a neuropeptide and an agonist for the parathyroid hormone receptor type 2 (PTH2R), effectively increases cAMP levels in COS-7 cells featuring recombinant PTH2R from humans or rats (EC50s = 0.5 and 0.8 nM, respectively), as well as in F-11 cells that naturally express PTH2R (EC50 = 1.15 nM). Furthermore, TIP39 at 1 nM halts the cell cycle at the G0/G1 phase and reduces Sox9 expression, a crucial regulator of cartilage differentiation, in CFK2 rat chondrocytes. Additionally, administering 100 pmol/animal of TIP39 reduces the immobility period in the forced swim test in mice, indicating a potential antidepressant effect.

Orexin B, human (TFA) is an endogenous agonist at Orexin receptor with Kis of 420 and 36 nM for OX1 and OX2.

PAMP-12(human, porcine) TFA, a significant constituent of immunoreactive (ir)-PAMP, derives from the adrenomedullin precursor and functions as a potent hypotensive peptide involved in cardiovascular regulation [1].

Obestatin(human) TFA, an endogenous peptide originating from the same prepropeptide as ghrelin, is known to suppress food intake and reduce weight gain in rats.

ACTH (3-24) (human, bovine, mouse, ovine, porcine, rabbit, rat), the fragment spanning amino acids 3-24 of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), serves as a research tool in studying a range of illnesses, such as cancer, immune diseases, and cardiovascular disease [1].

TNF-α (31-45), human (TFA) is a peptide of tumor necrosis factor-α.

BigLEN(mouse) TFA is a proSAAS-derived neuropeptide and GPR171 agonist that both regulates food intake in mice and inhibits the release of glutamate onto parvocellular neurons of the paraventricular nucleus, a mechanism contingent on postsynaptic G protein activation.

PTH-Related Protein (1-37) (human, mouse, rat) is a peptide analog of parathyroid-hormone-related protein (pTHrP), which plays a role in the physiological regulation of bone formation [1].

Klotho-derived peptide 1 (KP1) (56-87), a peptide originating from the human Klotho protein, disrupts TGF-β signaling by binding to TGF-β receptor types 1 and 2 (TGFBR1 and TGFBR2; Kds = 1.41 and 14.6 µM, respectively). Preincubation with KP1 at a concentration of 10 µg/ml hinders the TGF-β-induced escalation of fibronectin and α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) levels in NRK-49F rat fibroblasts. Furthermore, in vivo studies reveal that KP1, administered at 1 mg/kg per day, preferentially accumulates in damaged kidneys, leading to significant reductions in serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen levels, indicators of improved kidney function. Additionally, it decreases kidney fibrosis in mouse models of unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) and unilateral ischemia-reperfusion injury-induced renal fibrosis.

Tyrosinase (192-200), a human mouse nonapeptide, is recognizable by cytolytic T cells (CTL) on the HLA-B44 molecule and is utilized in the research of melanoma-associated cancers [1].

PACAP-38 (31-38), human, mouse, rat (TFA) demonstrates potent, efficacious, and sustained stimulatory effects on sympathetic neuronal.

(Asn10,Leu11,D-Trp12)-pTH-Related Protein (7-34) amide (human, mouse, rat) is a potent antagonist of the PTH-1R [1] [2].

Hemopressin(human, mouse) is a bioactive endogenous peptide substrate for endopeptidase, neurolysin and ACE. Ki values are 27.76, 3.43 and 1.87 μM respectively.

Human LL-37 is a 37 amino acid cationic (6+) peptide and has been widely studied. LL-37 penetrates the bacterial membrane and forms pores in the membrane.

Fibrinopeptide A, human is a 16-residue short polypeptide cleaved from fibrinogen by thrombin. Fibrinopeptide A, human locates at the NH2-termini of the Aα chain.The conversion of monomeric fibrinogen into polymeric fibrin is mediated by thrombin, which b

Tau protein (592-597), Human (TFA) is a peptide fragment of human Tau protein.

Endogenous agonist at orexin receptors (Ki values are 20 and 38 nM for OX1 and OX2 receptors respectively). Stimulates feeding following central administration and may be involved in the control of sleep-wake cycle and other hypothalamic functions.

Human PTHrP-(1-34)NH2, also known as PTH-Related Protein (1-34) amide for human, mouse, and rat, is the N-terminal fragment of PTHrP. This peptide induces hypercalcemia and is utilized in the study of humoral hypercalcemia of malignancy [1].

Neuropeptide W-23 (human) (NPW-23) TFA, representing the active form of Neuropeptide W, functions as an endogenous agonist for both NPBW1 (GPR7) and NPBW2 (GPR8) receptors [1].

Endothelin-3, human, mouse, rabbit, rat , is a cyclic 21 amino acid peptide. It is an endogenous neuropeptide and potent vasoconstrictor.

G* peptide, also known as LVGRQLEEFL (mouse) TFA, is a segment corresponding to amino acids 113 to 122 ([113,122] apoJ) of apolipoprotein J. This compound possesses both anti-inflammatory and anti-atherogenic qualities. When combined with an apoJ mimetic, it constitutes the HM-10/10 peptide, a novel chimeric high-density lipoprotein mimetic peptide. The HM-10/10 peptide is notable for safeguarding retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) and photoreceptors from oxidant-induced cell death as referenced in sources [1] [2].

Enterostatin, human, mouse, rat is a pentapeptide that reduces fat intake.

Osteostatin (1-5) amide (human, bovine, dog, horse, mouse, rabbit, rat), also known as Human PTHrP (107-111) amide, is a C-terminal fragment of parathyroid hormone-related protein that inhibits bone resorption [1] [2].

Nocistatin (human) TFA inhibits the allodynia and hyperalgesia induced by nociceptin and mitigates pain triggered by prostaglandin E2 [1].

Adrenomedullin (AM) (22-52), human (22-52-Adrenomedullin human) TFAis a kind of NH2 TFA truncated at the end of the quality of adrenal medullary analogue, is a kind of quality of adrenal medullary receptor antagonist.

PTH-Related Protein (7-34) amide (human, mouse, rat) serves as a potent antagonist of parathyroid hormone (PTH) [1].

GLP-1 (1-36) amide (human, rat) TFA, a molecular variant of GLP-1 (7-36) amide, can induce [14C]aminopyrine accumulation in enzymatically dispersed enriched rat parietal cells [1].

Urotensin II (114-124), human TFA, is an 11-amino acid residue peptide with a strong vasoconstrictor effect. This compound acts as an agonist for the orphan receptor GPR14.

Oxyntomodulin (human, mouse, rat) (Proglucagon [33-69]), a derivative of the glucagon progenitor, encompasses the full sequence of glucagon along with an additional C-terminal octapeptide, culminating in a structure of 37 amino acids.

Orexin A human, rat, mouse, a 33 amino acid excitatory neuropeptide, orchestrates diverse central and peripheral processes. Orexin A human, rat, mouse has been used to study its effect on the functioning of porcine pancreatic islets. It has also been used as an orexin receptor 1 (OX1R) agonist to study the effect of orexin systems in the effect of etonogestrel on respiratory response to prolonged metabolic acidosis.

C5a Receptor Agonist (mouse, human) is a bioactive peptide derived from the C-terminus of the complement fragment 5 anaphylatoxin (C5a), functioning as an agonist for the C5a receptor. This peptide plays a role in mediating inflammatory responses by promoting chemotaxis, leukocyte degranulation, enhanced vascular permeability, and cytokine production. Its agonistic activity is critically dependent on the presence of cyclohexylalanine at position 5 and the d-isomer of Arg at the terminal position.

α-CGRP (mouse, rat) TFA, a neuropeptide belonging to the calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) family, is predominantly located at neuromuscular junctions and functions as a potent vasodilator. Peripheral administration of α-CGRP (mouse, rat) TFA may result in decreased blood pressure and elevated heart rate, in addition to the relaxation of colonic smooth muscle. This compound shows promising utility in the investigation of cardiovascular, pro-inflammatory, migraine, and metabolic conditions [1] [2] [3].

GIP (1-30) amide (Human) TFA is a glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide fragment. Glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) is an incretin hormone that stimulates insulin secretion and reduces postprandial glycaemic excursions.

PACAP (6-38), human, ovine, rat TFA is a potent PACAP receptor antagonist with IC50s of 30, 600, and 40 nM for PACAP type I receptor, PACAP type II receptor VIP1, and PACAP type II receptor VIP2, respectively.

Amylin, amide, human TFA, a 37-amino acid polypeptide, functions as a pancreatic hormone that is cosecreted with insulin, playing distinct roles in metabolism and glucose homeostasis. It regulates blood sugar by inhibiting glucagon secretion, delaying gastric emptying, and promoting satiety [1].

Thrombospondin-1 (1016-1021) (human, bovine, mouse) is a truncated peptide derived from Thrombospondin-1, lacking CD47-binding activity [1].

(Leu31,Pro34)-Peptide YY (human) (TFA) is the trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) form of (Leu31,Pro34)-Peptide YY (human), a derivative of Peptide YY that acts as a potent and selective Y1 agonist, exhibiting a dissociation constant (K D) of 1.0 nM [1].

Biotin-β-Amyloid (1-42), human TFA, also known as Biotin-Amyloid β-Peptide (1-42) (human) TFA, is a biotin-labeled 42-amino acid peptide implicated in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease [1].

Gastric inhibitory peptide 1 (GIP-1) (3-42), a fragment of the incretin hormone GIP and antagonist to the GIP receptor, is generated through the action of serum dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DDP-4). When administered at 25 nmol/kg to an ob/ob mouse diabetes model, GIP-1 (3-42) elevates plasma glucose levels and lowers plasma insulin levels, demonstrating its effect on reducing insulin secretion from BRIN-BD11 pancreatic cells at a concentration of 100 nM.

LL-37 (18-37), an antimicrobial peptide fragment of LL-37, exhibits activity against S. aureus and C. albicans, with minimum lethal concentrations of 4 µM and 10 µM, respectively. Additionally, it inhibits E. histolytica trophozoites growth at concentrations between 10 to 50 µM.

Hemopressin(rat) is a bioactive endogenous peptide substrate for endopeptidase 24.15, neurolysin and ACE. Ki values are 27.76, 3.43 and 1.87 μM respectively.

Hemopressin (rat) acetate is a nonapeptide derived from the α1-chain of hemoglobin, is originally isolated from rat brain homogenates. Hemopressin is orally active, selective and inverse agonist of CB2 cannabinoid receptors. Hemopressin exerts antinocicep