Creatine

Creatine (Methylguanidoacetic acid) is an amino acid that occurs in vertebrate tissues and in urine. In muscle tissue, creatine generally occurs as phosphocreatine. Creatine is excreted as creatinine in the urine. Creatine functions as part of the cell's energy shuttle. The high energy phosphate group of ATP is transferred to creatine to form phosphocreatine in the following reaction: Cr + ATP <-> PCr + ADP. This reaction is reversibly catalyzed by creatine kinase. In the human body, creatine is synthesized mainly in the liver by the use of parts from three different amino acids: arginine, glycine, and methionine. 95% of it is later stored in the skeletal muscles and the rest is stored in the brain, heart, and testes.

Creatine monohydrate (Methylguanidoacetic acid monohydrate) is a key player in the phosphagen energy system, especially in muscle and the brain. Creatine monohydrate is the primary source of ATP during high-intensity, short-term activities.

Creatine riboside, a urinary metabolite, is a diagnostic and prognostic biomarker of lung cancer.

Sodium creatine phosphate dibasic tetrahydrate (Creatine phosphate disodium salt tetrahydrate) mainly exists in the skeletal muscles of vertebrates. It is a substrate for the determination of creatine kinase and can be used for the regeneration of ATP during skeletal muscle contraction.

Phosphocreatine dipotassium, primarily found in the skeletal muscles of vertebrates, is an organic compound categorized under alpha amino acids and derivatives.

Phosphocreatine disodium (Phosphocreatine disodium salt) is a phosphorylated creatine molecule that serves as a rapidly mobilizable reserve of high-energy phosphates in muscle, skeletal, and brain.

Phosphocreatine disodium hydrate ishigh-energy phosphate reservoir in vertebrate and some invertebrate muscle; provides phosphate for ADP-ATP conversion

Glycocyamine (2-Guanidinoacetic acid), a precursor of creatine, is a replacement of dietary arginine and could support overall energy homeostasis of the bird. Glycocyamine is an important marker for renal failure, kidney transplantation, and the renal metabolic activity. The compound is a metabolite of guanidine.

TriacetonaMine (Vincubine) protects the activitis of superoxide dismutase(SOD) and creatine phos-phate kinase (CPK); it also inhibits CaCl2 induced agglomeration of thromocyte. Triacetonamine can improve the constructile function of heart mus-cles of acute anemia and decrease the content of malodialdehyde (MDA) in the heart muscles.

Creatinine (NSC-13123) is the breakdown product of creatine, a constituent of muscle tissue, that is excreted by the kidney and whose serum level is used to evaluate kidney function.

D-Pinitol (Methylinositol) has anti-inflammatory activity. D-Pinitol(Methylinositol) exerts insulin-like activity, used for many diabetic associated conditions. D-Pinitol(Methylinositol) is a safe nutrient to reduce calorie consumption when supplementing with creatine.

L-2-Hydroxyglutaric acid (L-2-HG) is a compartmentalized metabolite and a substrate for L-2-hydroxyglutarate dehydrogenase (L2HGDH). It inhibits histone demethylases and increases the expression of ATF4 and its target genes by activating the mTOR pathway. L-2-Hydroxyglutaric acid mediates the mTOR-ATF4 signaling pathway and can be used in biosensor research.