Calcium chloride

Calcium chloride is often used in cell culture research, such as as a calcium supplement in DMEM medium, and can also be used to prepare synthetic saline solutions.

Calcium chloride dihydrate is an inorganic salt commonly used as a desiccant and dehumidifier and is widely used in biochemical experiments and drug synthesis research.

Phosphorylcholine chloride calcium salt tetrahydrate (Phosphocholine chloride calcium salt tet) is a small haptenic molecule, is found in a wide variety of organisms. Human hepatic tumors undergo an elevation in the concentration of phosphorylcholine as the principal metabolic change is observed (PMID: 11076016 ). Phosphorylcholine chloride calcium salt tetrahydrate is the precursor metabolite of choline in the glycine, serine and threonine metabolism pathways (KEGG, map00260) and in intermediate between choline and cytidine-diphosphate choline in the glycerophospholipid metabolism pathway (KEGG, map00564).

Flufenamic acid (Arlef) is an anthranilic acid derivative with analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antipyretic properties. It is used in musculoskeletal and joint disorders and administered by mouth and topically.

Acetylcholine Chloride is the chloride salt form of acetylcholine, a synthetic, quaternary amino alcohol with cholinergic properties. Acetylcholine chloride (Pilofrin) mimics the parasympathomimetic effect of the endogenous compound acetylcholine. Administered as an ophthalmic solution, this drug stimulates the cholinoceptors in the sphincter muscle of the iris, causing the pupil to constrict.

QX-314 chloride is a membrane-impermeable, permanently charged blocker of the sodium channel.

Lanthanum(III) chloride is an inorganic compound which used in biochemical research to block the activity of divalent cation channels, especially calcium channels.

Gadolinium chloride is a calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR) agonist

Strontium chloride is an agonist of Calcium sensing receptor (CaSR) and directly affects C-type nerve fibers.

T16Ainh-A01 is a potent inhibitor of TMEM16A Chloride channel, inhibiting TMEM16A-mediated chloride currents (IC50 of 1 µM),and functions as a calcium-activated chloride channel (CaCC).

ANO1-IN-4 (Compound 10bm) is a reversible inhibitor of the calcium-activated chloride channel transmembrane protein 16A (TMEM16A, also known as ANO1), with an IC50 of 0.030 µM. It demonstrates good metabolic stability in rat liver microsomes and can inhibit spontaneous contractions in isolated mouse ileum.

Crofelemer (Provir) is an orally active antidiarrheal agent. It targets the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) and calcium-activated chloride channels (CACC), which are responsible for chloride and fluid secretion in the gastrointestinal tract. Crofelemer is applicable for research in diarrhea-related conditions.

D-myo-Inositol-1,3,4-triphosphate (sodium) is one of the inositol polyphosphate isomers involved in signal transduction. It increases intracellular levels of Ins(3,4,5,6)-P4 by inhibiting the activity of Ins(3,4,5,6)-P4 kinase, which in turn suppresses calcium-activated chloride channels. This compound is regulated by cytoplasmic free calcium levels.

Urotensin II is a peptide vasoconstrictor and agonist of the urotensin (UT) receptor (Ki= 2.06 nM for the human recombinant receptor expressed in HEK293 cells).1It stimulates intracellular calcium mobilization in HEK293 cells expressing human and rat UT (EC50s = 0.47 and 0.78 nM, respectively) but decreases intracellular calcium concentration in goby (G. mirabilis) enterocytes when used at a concentration of 500 nM.2Urotensin II (20 mU/ml) stimulates active sodium and chloride absorption across isolated goby posterior intestine in 5% seawater-adapted solution.3In vivo, urotensin II (1.5-150 nmol/kg) decreases diastolic blood pressure and increases heart rate in anesthetized rats.4It also reduces the pressor responses to sympathetic nerve stimulation, norepinephrine , and vasopressin in pithed rats when administered at a dose of 150 nmol/kg. 1.Ames, R.S., Sarau, H.M., Chambers, J.K., et al.Human urotensin-II is a potent vasoconstrictor and agonist for the orphan receptor GPR14Nature401(6750)282-286(1999) 2.Loretz, C.A., and Assad, J.A.Urotensin II lowers cytoplasmic free calcium concentration in goby enterocytes: Measurements using quin2Gen. Comp. Endocrinol.64(3)355-361(1986) 3.Loretz, C.A., Freel, R.W., and Bern, H.A.Specificity of response of intestinal ion transport systems to a pair of natural peptide hormone analogs: Somatostatin and urotensin IIGen. Comp. Endocrinol.52(2)198-206(1983) 4.Gibson, A., Wallace, P., and Bern, H.A.Cardiovascular effects of urotensin II in anesthetized and pithed ratsGen. Comp. Endocrinol.64(3)435-439(1986)

12,14-Dichlorodehydroabietic acid, a chlorinated resin acid, exhibits potent calcium-activated potassium (BK) channel opening activity, effectively inhibits GABA-dependent chloride influx in the mammalian brain as a non-competitive antagonist of GABA A receptors, induces elevation in cytosolic free calcium levels, and promotes neurotransmitter release.

CaCCinh-A01 is an inhibitor of the calcium-activated chloride channel (CaCC, 10 μM) and TMEM16A (IC50: 2.1 μM).

Talniflumate (Somalgen) is a calcium-activated chloride channel (hCLCA1/mCLCA3) blocker that reduces mucin synthesis and releases in animal models and cell culture. It possesses anti-inflammatory actions via inhibition of Cox (cyclooxygenase) and inhibits Cl-/HCO3- exchange activity. It also increases survival in a cystic fibrosis mouse model of the distal intestinal obstructive syndrome.

N-(p-amylcinnamoyl) Anthranilic Acid (ACA) is a broad-spectrum Phospholipase A2 (PLA2) inhibitor and a TRP channel blocker.

DFBTA is a highly effective and orally active inhibitor of ANO1, specifically the calcium-activated chloride channel anoctamin-1. It exhibits potent inhibitory activity, with an IC 50 of 24 nM. Notably, DFBTA demonstrates significant analgesic efficacy in treating inflammatory pain [1].

(±)-Liquiritigenin ((±)-4',7-Dihydroxyflavanone), a flavonoid extracted from Angelica keiskei, inhibits the calcium-activated chloride channel TMEM16A.(±)-Liquiritigenin induces an increase in apoptosis and an enhancement of caspase3 activity. (±)-Liquiritigenin induces increased apoptosis and enhanced caspase3 activity. (±)-Liquiritigenin is used in breast cancer research.

D-myo-Inositol-1,4,5,6-tetraphosphate (D-Ins(1,4,5,6)P4) is an isomer of inositol polyphosphate. At concentrations of 8-10 μM, it almost entirely inhibits calcium-activated chloride channels.

Dihydropiceatannol-4'-methylether is a natural product exhibiting affinity for calmodulin in bovine brain in the presence of calcium chloride.

Sodium lactate ringer's solution is an isotonic crystalloid solution used to regulate body fluids, electrolytes, and acid-base balance, and it is effective for fluid replenishment during the perioperative period (perioperative). This solution consists of a sterile aqueous solution of sodium lactate, sodium chloride, potassium chloride, and calcium chloride (RL, 130 mEq sodium/L, 274 mOsm/L).

Bacterial Organophosphorus Medium is used to evaluate the efficiency of phosphorus bacteria in decomposing organophosphorus in phosphorus bacterial fertilizers. It contains glucose, ammonium sulfate, yeast extract, sodium chloride, potassium chloride, magnesium sulfate, ferrous sulfate, manganese sulfate, lecithin, calcium carbonate, and agar.