Apelin-36(rat, mouse) TFA

Apelin-36(rat, mouse) TFA, an endogenous agonist for the orphan G protein-coupled receptor APJ, exhibits a strong affinity for APJ receptors with an IC 50 of 5.4 nM and effectively inhibits cAMP production with an EC 50 of 0.52 nM. Moreover, it obstructs the invasion of certain HIV-1 and HIV-2 strains into NP-2/CD4 cells that express the APJ receptor [1] [2].

Adropin (34-76) (human, mouse, rat) is a peptide that attenuates liver fibrosis and insulin resistance independent of obesity or food intake.

Myelin Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein Peptide (35-55), mouse, rat (MOG (35-55)) is a truncated peptide derived from the human Myelin Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein (MOG).

Orphan GPCR SP9155 agonist P550 (mouse, rat) acetate (Orphan GPCR SP9155 agonist P550 ) is a member of the RFamide peptide family with orexigenic effects.

LEP(116-130)(mouse) is a synthetic leptin peptide fragment.

PACAP-38 (31-38), human, mouse, rat acetate is an activator of PAC1 receptor. PACAP-38 (31-38), human, mouse, rat acetate demonstrates potent, efficacious, and sustained stimulatory effects on sympathetic neuronal NPY and catecholamine production and can

CGRP (83-119), rat TFA (Calcitonin Gene Related Peptide(83-119), rat TFA) is a 37 amino acid calcitonin family of neuropeptide, acts through calcitonin receptor-like receptor.

Neuropeptide SF(mouse,rat) acetate (Neuropeptide SF(mouse,rat) acetate (230960-31-3 free base)) is a potent neuropeptide FF receptor agonist, Ki for NPFF1 and NPFF2 are 48.4 nM and 12.1 nM, respectively. Neuropeptide SF(mouse,rat) acetate (Neuropeptide SF(mouse,rat) acetate (230960-31-3 free base)) increases the amplitude of the sustained current of heterologously expressed acid sensing ion channel 3 (ASIC3).

Galanin (1-16), mouse, porcine, rat is a hippocampal galanin receptor agonist(Kd = 3 nM) with high biological activity on locus coeruleus neurons.

Orexin B, rat, mouse Acetate (Rat orexin B) is an endogenous agonist at Orexin receptor with Kis of 420 and 36 nM for OX1 and OX2, respectively.

Enterostatin, human, mouse, rat acetate is a pentapeptide mainly formed in the intestine by the cleavage of secreted pancreatic procolipase.

MCH(human, mouse, rat) is a potent endogenous agonist at melanin-concentration hormone (MCH) receptors (IC50 values are 0.3 and 1.5 nM and EC50 values are 3.9 and 0.1 nM at MCH1 and MCH2 receptors respectively). Increases food intake in vivo.

Myelin Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein (MOG) peptide (35-55) , mouse, rat acetate is a MOG peptide (35-55) derivative. MOG peptide (35-55) is a part of myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) immunogenic peptide and can be used to study immune-related diseases.

Motixafortide TFA(664334-36-5,Free) (BKT140 TFA) is an antagonist of CXCR4 with IC50 of ～1 nM. It induces the apoptosis of AML blasts by down-regulating ERK, BCL-2, MCL-1 and cyclin-D1 via altered miR-15a 16-1 expression.

MCH (human, mouse, rat) TFA is a potent peptide agonist for MCH receptors, demonstrating strong affinity with binding IC 50 values of 0.3 nM for MCH1R and 1.5 nM for MCH2R. It is notably effective against MCH-2R in a CHO cell line, as evidenced by the mobilization of intracellular calcium measured with FLIPR, revealing functional activation EC 50 values of 3.9 nM for MCH-1R and 0.1 nM for MCH-2R [1].

ACTH (3-24) (human, bovine, mouse, ovine, porcine, rabbit, rat), the fragment spanning amino acids 3-24 of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), serves as a research tool in studying a range of illnesses, such as cancer, immune diseases, and cardiovascular disease [1].

BigLEN(mouse) TFA is a proSAAS-derived neuropeptide and GPR171 agonist that both regulates food intake in mice and inhibits the release of glutamate onto parvocellular neurons of the paraventricular nucleus, a mechanism contingent on postsynaptic G protein activation.

PTH-Related Protein (1-37) (human, mouse, rat) is a peptide analog of parathyroid-hormone-related protein (pTHrP), which plays a role in the physiological regulation of bone formation [1].

PACAP-38 (31-38), human, mouse, rat (TFA) demonstrates potent, efficacious, and sustained stimulatory effects on sympathetic neuronal.

Brain Natriuretic Peptide-45, rat TFA (BNP-45, rat TFA) is an isoform of rat brain natriuretic peptide extracted from rat heart, exhibiting significant hypotensive and natriuretic effects [1].

(Asn10,Leu11,D-Trp12)-pTH-Related Protein (7-34) amide (human, mouse, rat) is a potent antagonist of the PTH-1R [1] [2].

Endogenous APJ receptor agonist (EC50 = 20 nM) that is secreted by adipocytes. Binds with high affinity to human APJ receptors expressed in HEK 293 cells (pIC50= 8.61). Involved in regulation of cardiovascular function, fluid homeostasis and feeding. Bloc

Myelin Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein (40-54), Rat, Mouse (MOG (40-54)) is a self-antigenic epitope associated with the CD8 class of proteins within the MOG protein, presented in conjunction with H-2Db [1].

Endogenous agonist at orexin receptors (Ki values are 20 and 38 nM for OX1 and OX2 receptors respectively). Stimulates feeding following central administration and may be involved in the control of sleep-wake cycle and other hypothalamic functions.

Human PTHrP-(1-34)NH2, also known as PTH-Related Protein (1-34) amide for human, mouse, and rat, is the N-terminal fragment of PTHrP. This peptide induces hypercalcemia and is utilized in the study of humoral hypercalcemia of malignancy [1].

Endothelin-3, human, mouse, rabbit, rat , is a cyclic 21 amino acid peptide. It is an endogenous neuropeptide and potent vasoconstrictor.

Apelin-13 is an endogenous ligand of APJ receptor, and the EC 50 value of activated G protein coupled receptor is 0.37 nM.

Neuromedin S(rat) TFA, a 34-amino acid peptide derivative of rat Neuromedin S, is a neuropeptide sourced from the rat brain that functions as a ligand for the G protein-coupled receptor FM4/TGR-1 [1].

GIP, rat TFA (glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide), a 42-amino acid peptide secreted by K cells in the duodenum and jejunum, promotes insulin release from pancreatic beta cells, supports beta cell proliferation, and enhances their survival. This rat-origin bioactive peptide, along with GLP (gastric-like peptide), belongs to the intestinal insulinotropic hormone family and is implicated in lipid homeostasis and potentially in the pathogenesis of obesity. Recent research suggests GIP's multifaceted role in these metabolic processes.

Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH) (1-39), rat (TFA) is a potent melanocortin 2 receptor (MC2) agonist.

MOG (92–106), mouse, rat, is a biologically active peptide corresponding to the fragment of amino acids 92 to 106 in myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) from mice and rats. It is noteworthy that mice subjected to MOG (92–106)-induced experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis exhibit substantial B cell reactivity to secondary myelin antigens. Although this MOG fragment elicits only modest T cell responses, the resultant autoimmunity is profoundly severe. The peptide demonstrates encephalitogenic properties in various species, including SJL mice, DA rats, and rhesus monkeys.

G* peptide, also known as LVGRQLEEFL (mouse) TFA, is a segment corresponding to amino acids 113 to 122 ([113,122] apoJ) of apolipoprotein J. This compound possesses both anti-inflammatory and anti-atherogenic qualities. When combined with an apoJ mimetic, it constitutes the HM-10/10 peptide, a novel chimeric high-density lipoprotein mimetic peptide. The HM-10/10 peptide is notable for safeguarding retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) and photoreceptors from oxidant-induced cell death as referenced in sources [1] [2].

Enterostatin, human, mouse, rat is a pentapeptide that reduces fat intake.

Osteostatin (1-5) amide (human, bovine, dog, horse, mouse, rabbit, rat), also known as Human PTHrP (107-111) amide, is a C-terminal fragment of parathyroid hormone-related protein that inhibits bone resorption [1] [2].

Obestatin(11-23)mouse, rat is a polypeptide that regulates energy balance and suppresses appetite by reducing food consumption, body weight, and jejunal contractions in rodents [1].

PTH-Related Protein (7-34) amide (human, mouse, rat) serves as a potent antagonist of parathyroid hormone (PTH) [1].

Neuropeptide Y (3-36) (human, rat) is a metabolite of neuropeptide Y (NPY) generated by dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP4). Known as a selective Y2 receptor agonist, Neuropeptide Y (3-36) (human, rat) effectively reduces the release of norepinephrine via the Y2 receptor[1][2].

GLP-1 (1-36) amide (human, rat) TFA, a molecular variant of GLP-1 (7-36) amide, can induce [14C]aminopyrine accumulation in enzymatically dispersed enriched rat parietal cells [1].

Oxyntomodulin (human, mouse, rat) (Proglucagon [33-69]), a derivative of the glucagon progenitor, encompasses the full sequence of glucagon along with an additional C-terminal octapeptide, culminating in a structure of 37 amino acids.

Orexin A human, rat, mouse, a 33 amino acid excitatory neuropeptide, orchestrates diverse central and peripheral processes. Orexin A human, rat, mouse has been used to study its effect on the functioning of porcine pancreatic islets. It has also been used as an orexin receptor 1 (OX1R) agonist to study the effect of orexin systems in the effect of etonogestrel on respiratory response to prolonged metabolic acidosis.

α-CGRP (mouse, rat) TFA, a neuropeptide belonging to the calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) family, is predominantly located at neuromuscular junctions and functions as a potent vasodilator. Peripheral administration of α-CGRP (mouse, rat) TFA may result in decreased blood pressure and elevated heart rate, in addition to the relaxation of colonic smooth muscle. This compound shows promising utility in the investigation of cardiovascular, pro-inflammatory, migraine, and metabolic conditions [1] [2] [3].

PACAP (6-38), human, ovine, rat TFA is a potent PACAP receptor antagonist with IC50s of 30, 600, and 40 nM for PACAP type I receptor, PACAP type II receptor VIP1, and PACAP type II receptor VIP2, respectively.

Orexin B, rat, mouse is an endogenous agonist at Orexin receptor with Kis of 420 and 36 nM for OX1 and OX2, respectively.

Endogenous APJ receptor agonist that is secreted by adipocytes. Binds with high affinity to APJ receptors (IC50 = 5.4 nM) and potently inhibits cAMP production in vitro (EC50 = 0.52 nM). Involved in regulation of cardiovascular function, fluid homeostasis

Amyloid (1-42), rat is a polypeptide composed of 42 amino acids. It is toxic to hippocampal slices and can be used in the study of alzheimer's disease.

Interphotoreceptor retinoid-binding protein (1-20) (IRBP1-20), a dodecapeptide fragment of retinoid-binding protein 3, plays a crucial role in pigment regeneration by facilitating the transport of retinol and retinal between photoreceptor cells and the retinal pigment epithelium. It has been utilized to provoke autoimmune uveoretinitis in C57BL/6 mice, possessing the H-2b haplotype. Furthermore, IRBP1-20 at a concentration of 3 µM enhances the secretion of IL-4, IL-5, and IL-6 from primary mouse spleen lymphocytes. Immunization and subsequent rechallenge with IRBP1-20 lead to increased ear swelling, inflammation of ocular blood vessels, infiltration by immune cells, damage to the photoreceptor layer, and retinal detachment in IFN-γ-deficient mice.

PAR2 (1-6) is a synthetic peptide agonist of proteinase-activated receptor 2 (PAR2) that corresponds to residues 1-6 of the amino terminal tethered ligand sequence of mouse and rat PAR2. It also corresponds to residues 39-44 and 37-42 of the mouse and rat full-length sequences, respectively. PAR2 (1-6) induces relaxation in precontracted rat arteries in a concentration-dependent manner, an effect that can be reduced by the nitric oxide synthase inhibitor L-NNA . It inhibits keratinocyte growth in the presence and absence of growth factors. PAR2 (1-6) inhibits LPS-induced pulmonary neutrophil influx and increases in matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) activity in mice.

GLP-1(32-36)amide TFA, originating from the C-terminal end of the glucoregulatory hormone GLP-1, is a pentapeptide that has demonstrated the ability to mitigate weight gain and regulate glucose metabolism throughout the body in diabetic mice [1] [2].

Urocortin (Rattus norvegicus) TFA, a neuropeptide and potent endogenous CRFR agonist, demonstrates affinity with Ki values of 13 nM for human CRF1, 1.5 nM for rat CRF2α, and 0.97 nM for mouse CRF2β, indicating its significant interaction across species.[1][2]

CART(62-76)(human,rat) TFA, a neuropeptide encompassing residues 62-76 of the CART peptide, exhibits neurotransmitter-like properties. It is capable of modulating the activity of the striatal noradrenergic system, as well as the corticostriatal and hypothalamic serotoninergic (5-HT) systems in the rat brain [1].