2-deoxyglucose

2-Amino-2-deoxyglucose hydrochloride, a hexosamine hydrochloride, is employed in the synthesis of cyclopropene-modified hexosamine derivatives, specifically Ac4GlcNCyoc and Ac4GalNCyoc [1].

2-Deoxy-D-glucose (2-DG) is an analog of glucose, an inhibitor of glycolysis. 2-Deoxy-D-glucose has antiviral activity, as well as inhibitory cell proliferation and apoptosis-inducing activity.

N-Acetyl-D-Glucosamine (NAG) is a monosaccharide derivative of glucose. It is released by the action of O-GlcNAcase, in mammalian systems from proteins that have been post-translationally modified with O-GlcNAc.

Glucosamine hydrochloride (Chitosamine hydrochloride) is commonly used as a treatment for osteoarthritis, although its acceptance as a medical therapy varies.

3-Deoxyglucosone(3-Deoxy-D-glucosone) is synthesized by the intermediate pathway of the melad and polyol reactions.3-Deoxyglucosone reacts rapidly with protein amino groups to form advanced glycosylated end proteins (AGEs).3-Deoxyglucosone inactivates glutathione peroxidase and synergizes with low glucose to enhance GLP-1 secretion.3-Deoxyglucosone is used as a biomarker for diabetes mellitus.3-Deoxyglucosone has been shown to be an inhibitor of GLP-1 secretion in the presence of low glucose. 3-Deoxyglucosone inactivates glutathione oxidase, synergizes with low glucose to enhance GLP-1 secretion, and can be used as a biologic marker for diabetes.

(+)-Geodin is a fungal metabolite. It increases the fibrinolytic activity of bovine aortic endothelial cells (BAECs) when used at concentrations ranging from 50 to 150 μM. (+)-Geodin (1-100 μg/ml) also increases 2-deoxyglucose uptake by rat adipocytes.