2-deoxyglucose

2-Amino-2-deoxyglucose hydrochloride, a hexosamine hydrochloride, is employed in the synthesis of cyclopropene-modified hexosamine derivatives, specifically Ac4GlcNCyoc and Ac4GalNCyoc [1].

2-Deoxy-D-glucose (2-DG) is an analog of glucose, an inhibitor of glycolysis. 2-Deoxy-D-glucose has antiviral activity, as well as inhibitory cell proliferation and apoptosis-inducing activity.

Nebracetam hydrochloride (WEB 1881 FU hydrochloride) is an agonist nootropic M1-muscarinic. Nebracetam hydrochloride induces a rise of intracellular Ca2+ concentration. Nebracetam hydrochloride exhibits an EC50 of 1.59 mM for elevating [Ca2+]i.

N-Acetyl-D-Glucosamine (NAG) is a monosaccharide derivative of glucose. It is released by the action of O-GlcNAcase, in mammalian systems from proteins that have been post-translationally modified with O-GlcNAc.

Glucosamine hydrochloride (Chitosamine hydrochloride) is commonly used as a treatment for osteoarthritis, although its acceptance as a medical therapy varies.

3-Deoxyglucosone(3-Deoxy-D-glucosone) is synthesized by the intermediate pathway of the melad and polyol reactions.3-Deoxyglucosone reacts rapidly with protein amino groups to form advanced glycosylated end proteins (AGEs).3-Deoxyglucosone inactivates glutathione peroxidase and synergizes with low glucose to enhance GLP-1 secretion.3-Deoxyglucosone is used as a biomarker for diabetes mellitus.3-Deoxyglucosone has been shown to be an inhibitor of GLP-1 secretion in the presence of low glucose. 3-Deoxyglucosone inactivates glutathione oxidase, synergizes with low glucose to enhance GLP-1 secretion, and can be used as a biologic marker for diabetes.

DN-108, a thiazolidinedione derivative, acts as an orally active peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) agonist with antidiabetic properties. It improves hyperglycemia, hypertriglyceridemia, and hyperinsulinemia in diabetic mouse models. DN-108 enhances tissue glucose uptake (e.g., increases 2-deoxyglucose uptake in L6 muscle cells) and inhibits fatty acid synthase activity, making it a promising candidate for type 2 diabetes research.

(+)-Geodin is a fungal metabolite. It increases the fibrinolytic activity of bovine aortic endothelial cells (BAECs) when used at concentrations ranging from 50 to 150 μM. (+)-Geodin (1-100 μg/ml) also increases 2-deoxyglucose uptake by rat adipocytes.

SW157765 is a selective glucose transporter GLUT8 (SLC2A8) inhibitor, a prodrug of many compounds, that selectively inhibits the uptake of fluorescent 2-deoxyglucose (2DG) in SW157765-sensitive cells in a dose-dependent manner, and can be used for the study of lung cancer.

Phenylarsine Oxide (Oxophenylarsine) is a membrane-permeable tyrosine phosphatase inhibitor with an IC50 value of 18 µM that stimulates 2-deoxyglucose transport in insulin-resistant human skeletal muscle.