16s rrna

3-Methyluridine is a modified nucleoside of cellular RNA.

Staurosporine (AM-2282) is a protein kinase inhibitor with ATP-competitive and non-selective inhibitory activity (IC50=6 15 2 3 3000 nM) against PKC, PKA, c-Fgr, phosphorylase kinase and TAOK2. Staurosporine also induces apoptosis.

Cyclosporin A is a naturally occurring cyclic polypeptide that is the active metabolite of a fungus. Cyclosporin A is an immunosuppressant that binds to procyclins and inhibits calcineurin (IC50=7 nM).

Astragaloside IV (AS-IV), an active component isolated from Astragalus membranaceus, suppresses the activation of ERK1 2 and JNK, and downregulates matrix metalloproteases (MMP)-2, (MMP)-9 in MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells. Astragaloside IV is a bioactive saponin first isolated from the dried plant roots of the genus Astragalus, which is used in traditional Chinese medicine.1 It dose-dependently inhibits human adenovirus type 3 (HAdV-3) in A549 cells (IC50 = 23 μM; LC50 = 865 μM).It inhibits replication of HAdV-3 and decreases HAdV-3-induced apoptosis. It has diverse protective effects for the cardiovascular, immune, digestive, and nervous systems. In particular, it reduces myocardial infarct size in dogs when administered prior to coronary ligation and reduces reperfusion arrhythmias in isolated rat hearts.

Corticosterone (Kendall's compound B) is an adrenocortical steroid with salocorticoid and glucocorticoid activity that is orally active. Corticosterone is involved in the regulation of energy, immune responses, and stress responses in the body.

Capsaicin ((E)-Capsaicin) is a natural product extracted from Capsicum annuum, and is a TRPV1 agonist (EC50=0.29 μM). Capsaicin has antitumor, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and neuroprotective activities.

Citronellol ((±)-β-Citronellol) is used in insect repellents and perfumes and as a mite attractant.

Moracin C, a natural compound found in Morus mesozygia, Morus alba var. multicaulis, is an anti-inflammatory agent. moracin C inhibits nitric oxide (NO) release and LPS-activated reactive oxygen species (ROS) in cells.

Asperphenamate is a fungal metabolite of Aspergillus flatiipes. The IC50s for T47D cells, MDA-MB-231 cells, and HL-60 cells are 92.3 μM, 96.5 μM, and 97.9 μM. Asperphenamate shows an anticancer effect.

Methyl N-methylanthranilate (Methyl2-(methylamino)benzoate) is anatural product.

3,4-Dimethoxyphenylacetic acid (Homoveratrumic acid) is the papaverine intermediate, used to synthesis cardiovascular drugs.

Stigmasterol (Stigmasterin) is a phytosterol with major functions in the maintenance of cell membrane structure and physiology. Stigmasterol lowers cholesterol levels and has anti-tumor, anti-inflammatory, and immunomodulatory effects.

Glycocholic acid (Glycocholate) is a bile acid with anticancer activity. Glycocholic acid targets against pump resistance-related and non-pump resistance-related pathways.

Farnesyl acetate (Farnesyl Acetate (mixture of isomers)) is a flavouring compound identified in foods such as blueberries.

Lactic acid (2-hydroxypropanoic acid) is a product of glycolysis and is widely found in nature.Lactic acid is produced in the body during hypoxia in contracted skeletal muscle and can be removed under fully aerobic conditions.Lactic acid can be used as a hemodynamic indicator in critically ill patients.Lactic acid has antitumor activity.

Acetophenone (Phenylethanone) is used in chemical synthesis and as a fragrance.

Terpinen-4-ol (4-Carvomenthenol) is a natural compound derived from Pimpinella yunnanensis.

L-Pipecolic acid (L-Homoproline) is a breakdown product of lysine, accumulates in body fluids of infants with generalized genetic peroxisomal disorders, such as Zellweger syndrome, neonatal adrenoleukodystrophy.

Phenylglyoxylic acid (Benzoyl formate) is a metabolite of ethylbenzene and styrene

D-(-)-Quinic acid (Kinic acid) is a cellular metal ion chelator, capable of promoting reactions with metal M(II,III) ions under pH-specific conditions. It may possess potent inhibition against alpha-mannosidase and alpha-fucosidase.

Ethyl cinnamate has antifungal, and vasorelaxant effects. Ethyl cinnamate can lead to the damage of cell membrane system and metabolic disorder through inducing lipid peroxidation via initiating ROS overproduction. Ethyl cinnamate can inhibit the tonic contractions induced by high K+ and phenylephrine (PE) in a concentration-dependent manner, with respective IC50 values of 0.30 mM and 0.38 mM.

Piperonylic acid (2H-1,3-benzodioxole-5-carboxylic acid) is a natural molecule bearing a methylenedioxy function that closely mimics the structure of trans-cinnamic acid. Piperonylic acid selectively inactivate the CYP73A P450 subpopulation.

Cinnamyl alcohol (Styryl Carbinol) readily autoxidizes upon air exposure, and forms strong sensitizers as determined by the local lymph node assay.

Evodiamine (d-Evodiamine) is an alkaloid isolated from the fruit of daylily and has a variety of biological activities including anti-inflammatory, anti-obesity and anti-tumor.