Carbohydrate Metabolism Kit

Acidic Xylanase (ACX) (EC 3.2.1.8) is mainly produced by microorganisms and can catalyze the hydrolysis of xylan. Also known as pentosanase or hemicellulase, it can decompose the cell walls of raw materials and β-glucan in the brewing or feed industry, reduce the viscosity of materials in brewing, promote the release of effective substances, lower non-starch polysaccharides in feed, and enhance the absorption and utilization of nutrients. Therefore, it is widely used in the brewing and feed industries. ACX is generally isolated from acid-tolerant fungi, bacteria, and some molds.

Amylopectin is a highly branched polysaccharide. The ratio and content of amylose and amylopectin in starch have a direct impact on the processing, physicochemical properties, gelatinization temperature, etc. of starch products. Therefore, the research on starches with different ratios of amylose and amylopectin is of great significance.

ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase (ADPase, AGP) (EC 2.7.7.21) is a rate-limiting enzyme for starch synthesis in plants and glycogen synthesis in microorganisms. It catalyzes the reaction in which glucose-1-phosphate reacts with ATP to form ADP-glucose (ADPG) with the release of energy. Understanding AGPase is of great value for studying starch content.

Cellulose is a macromolecular polysaccharide composed of glucose. It is usually bound with hemicellulose, pectin, and lignin, serving as the main structural component of plant cell walls. As an important dietary fiber, cellulose is the most widely distributed and abundant polysaccharide in nature.

Starch debranching enzyme (DBE) specifically cleaves the α-1,6 glycosidic bonds of amylopectin, producing linear glucose chains. It plays an important role in adjusting the chain length of amylopectin molecules.

Cellulase is a multi-component enzyme system produced by microorganisms that hydrolyzes cellulose β-1,4-glycosidic bonds to produce glucose. Filter Paper Activity (FPA) refers to the hydrolysis of filter paper to generate reducing sugars. FPA reflects the total enzyme activity resulting from the synergistic action of three hydrolytic enzymes: exoglucanase, endoglucanase, and β-glucosidase, which form an inducible complex enzyme system. Studying FPA is highly significant for cellulase research.

Alkaline Xylanase (BAX) (EC 3.2.1.8) is a xylanase with high enzymatic activity under alkaline conditions, and its active component is xylanase. It is mainly produced by microorganisms and can catalyze the hydrolysis of xylan. Also known as pentosanase or hemicellulase, it can decompose the cell walls of raw materials and β-glucan in the brewing or feed industry, reduce the viscosity of materials in brewing, promote the release of effective substances, reduce non-starch polysaccharides in feed, and enhance the absorption and utilization of nutrients. Therefore, it is widely used in the brewing and feed industries. BAX is generally isolated from microorganisms whose optimal growth pH is 9-11.

Acidic Xylanase (ACX) (EC 3.2.1.8) is mainly produced by microorganisms and can catalyze the hydrolysis of xylan. Also known as pentosanase or hemicellulase, it can decompose the cell walls of raw materials and β-glucan in the brewing or feed industry, reduce the viscosity of materials in brewing, promote the release of effective substances, lower non-starch polysaccharides in feed, and enhance the absorption and utilization of nutrients. Therefore, it is widely used in the brewing and feed industries. ACX is generally isolated from acid-tolerant fungi, bacteria, and some molds.

Amylopectin is a highly branched polysaccharide. The ratio and content of amylose and amylopectin in starch have a direct impact on the processing, physicochemical properties, gelatinization temperature, etc. of starch products. Therefore, the research on starches with different ratios of amylose and amylopectin is of great significance.

Endo-β-1,4-glucanase (EC 3.2.1.4), present in bacteria, fungi, and animals, is a major component of the cellulase system. Classified under the former Cx category, it primarily acts on amorphous cellulose and water-soluble cellulose derivatives, randomly hydrolyzing glycosidic bonds to break them down into glucose, cellobiose, cellotriose, and other oligomers.

Exo-β-1,4-glucanase / Cellobiohydrolase (C1) (EC 3.2.1.91) is found in bacteria, fungi, and animals and is one of the components of the cellulase enzyme system. C1 catalyzes the release of cellobiose and glucose from the non-reducing ends of polysaccharide chains.

Cellulase (CL) (EC 3.2.1.4) is found in bacteria, fungi, and animals. It catalyzes the degradation of cellulose and is a type of enzyme preparation widely used in medicine, food processing, cotton textile industry, environmental protection, and utilization of renewable resources.

Invertase (Ivr) catalyzes the irreversible decomposition of sucrose into fructose and glucose.It is one of the key enzymes of sucrose metabolism in higher plants. Based on optimal pH, invertases in higher plants are divided into two types: acid invertase (AI) and neutral invertase (NI).The optimal pH for Acid invertase (AI) is 3-5. AI is divided into two types: soluble acid invertase (S-AI) and cell wall-bound insoluble acid invertase (B-AI). B-AI exists in the intercellular space and is bound to the cell wall. It is primarily involved in the breakdown of sucrose during apoplastic unloading in the phloem to maintain the sucrose concentration gradient between source and sink.

Endo-β-1,4-glucanase (EC 3.2.1.4), present in bacteria, fungi, and animals, is a major component of the cellulase system. Classified under the former Cx category, it primarily acts on amorphous cellulose and water-soluble cellulose derivatives, randomly hydrolyzing glycosidic bonds to break them down into glucose, cellobiose, cellotriose, and other oligomers.

Cellulose is a macromolecular polysaccharide composed of glucose. It is usually bound with hemicellulose, pectin, and lignin, serving as the main structural component of plant cell walls. As an important dietary fiber, cellulose is the most widely distributed and abundant polysaccharide in nature.

Amylose is a polysaccharide chain in which D-glucosyl groups are linked by α-(1,4) glycosidic bonds. The determination of its content is of great significance for evaluating the nutritional value of food and investigating sugar metabolism in plants.

Exo-β-1,4-glucanase / Cellobiohydrolase (C1) (EC 3.2.1.91) is found in bacteria, fungi, and animals and is one of the components of the cellulase enzyme system. C1 catalyzes the release of cellobiose and glucose from the non-reducing ends of polysaccharide chains.

Alkaline Xylanase (BAX) (EC 3.2.1.8) is a xylanase with high enzymatic activity under alkaline conditions, and its active component is xylanase. It is mainly produced by microorganisms and can catalyze the hydrolysis of xylan. Also known as pentosanase or hemicellulase, it can decompose the cell walls of raw materials and β-glucan in the brewing or feed industry, reduce the viscosity of materials in brewing, promote the release of effective substances, reduce non-starch polysaccharides in feed, and enhance the absorption and utilization of nutrients. Therefore, it is widely used in the brewing and feed industries. BAX is generally isolated from microorganisms whose optimal growth pH is 9-11.

Invertase (Ivr) catalyzes the irreversible decomposition of sucrose into fructose and glucose.It is one of the key enzymes of sucrose metabolism in higher plants. Based on optimal pH, invertases in higher plants are divided into two types: acid invertase (AI) and neutral invertase (NI).The optimal pH for Acid invertase (AI) is 3-5. AI is divided into two types: soluble acid invertase (S-AI) and cell wall-bound insoluble acid invertase (B-AI). B-AI exists in the intercellular space and is bound to the cell wall. It is primarily involved in the breakdown of sucrose during apoplastic unloading in the phloem to maintain the sucrose concentration gradient between source and sink.

Chitin is primarily found in the exoskeletons of crustaceans such as shrimp and crabs, the shells of insects, the organs of mollusks (such as squid cartilage), and the cell walls of fungi. Chitinase (EC 3.2.1.14) catalyzes the hydrolysis of chitin and plays a role in defending against fungal infections, making it a major research focus in the study of antifungal disease resistance.

Chitin is primarily found in the exoskeletons of crustaceans such as shrimp and crabs, the shells of insects, the organs of mollusks (such as squid cartilage), and the cell walls of fungi. Chitinase (EC 3.2.1.14) catalyzes the hydrolysis of chitin and plays a role in defending against fungal infections, making it a major research focus in the study of antifungal disease resistance.

Starch debranching enzyme (DBE) specifically cleaves the α-1,6 glycosidic bonds of amylopectin, producing linear glucose chains. It plays an important role in adjusting the chain length of amylopectin molecules.

Cellulase (CL) (EC 3.2.1.4) is found in bacteria, fungi, and animals. It catalyzes the degradation of cellulose and is a type of enzyme preparation widely used in medicine, food processing, cotton textile industry, environmental protection, and utilization of renewable resources.

Amylose is a polysaccharide chain in which D-glucosyl groups are linked by α-(1,4) glycosidic bonds. The determination of its content is of great significance for evaluating the nutritional value of food and investigating sugar metabolism in plants.