Cucurbitacin D, a triterpenoid isolated from Ecballium elaterium (L.), exhibits anticancer and antitumor activity, inhibits glucose uptake and lactate production in metastatic PrC, and induces inflammasome activation independent of ERK1 2 activation. Cucurbitacin D, a novel inflammasome activator in macrophages, inhibits HepG2 cell proliferation and induces apoptosis by modulating the JAK STAT3, PI3K Akt mTOR and MAPK signaling pathways, and can be used in the study of cervical cancer, leukemia, and prostate cancer.

1. Cucurbitacin IIA (Dihydrocucurbitacin Q1) can induce apoptosis and enhance autophagy , contributes to the anti-inflammatory activity of Cucurbitacin IIA against inflammation-related diseases. 2. Cucurbitacin IIA is a novel class of anti-cancer drug in suppression of cancer cell expansion by disrupting the actin cytoskeleton and directing the cell to undergo PARP-mediated apoptosis through the inhibition of survivin downstream of JAK2 STAT3.

Cucurbitacin E-2-O-glucoside (2-β-glucopyranoside) is a triterpene compound derived from the roots of Citrullus colocynthis that inhibits pro-inflammatory cytokines.

Cucurbitacin B 2-o-α²-D-glucoside has anticancer activity.

Arvenin II is a natural product from Hemsleya amabilis.

Cucurbitacins from Wilbrandia ebracteata have analgesic effects. Cucurbitacin S has anticancer and antiinflammatory activities.

Cucurbitacin I, cytotoxic triterpenoid sterols isolated from plants, elicits the formation of actin phospho-myosin II co-aggregates by stimulation of the RhoA ROCK pathway and inhibition of LIM-Kinase.