Cucurbitacin D, a triterpenoid isolated from Ecballium elaterium (L.), exhibits anticancer and antitumor activity, inhibits glucose uptake and lactate production in metastatic PrC, and induces inflammasome activation independent of ERK1/2 activation. Cucurbitacin D, a novel inflammasome activator in macrophages, inhibits HepG2 cell proliferation and induces apoptosis by modulating the JAK/STAT3, PI3K/Akt/mTOR and MAPK signaling pathways, and can be used in the study of cervical cancer, leukemia, and prostate cancer.

1. Cucurbitacin IIA (Dihydrocucurbitacin Q1) can induce apoptosis and enhance autophagy , contributes to the anti-inflammatory activity of Cucurbitacin IIA against inflammation-related diseases. 2. Cucurbitacin IIA is a novel class of anti-cancer drug in suppression of cancer cell expansion by disrupting the actin cytoskeleton and directing the cell to undergo PARP-mediated apoptosis through the inhibition of survivin downstream of JAK2/STAT3.

Cucurbitacin Q1, a compound isolated from the fruit of Cucumis prophetarum, has been shown to be the pure trans component of cucurbitacin Q.

Dihydrocucurbitacin B (23,24-dihydrocucurbitacin B) is isolated from the roots of Cayaponia tayuya with anti-cancer activity.

Cucurbitacin E-2-O-glucoside (2-β-glucopyranoside) is a triterpene compound derived from the roots of Citrullus colocynthis that inhibits pro-inflammatory cytokines.

Cucurbitacin B 2-o-α²-D-glucoside has anticancer activity.

Arvenin II is a natural product from Hemsleya amabilis.

Cucurbitacins from Wilbrandia ebracteata have analgesic effects. Cucurbitacin S has anticancer and antiinflammatory activities.

Cucurbitacin I, cytotoxic triterpenoid sterols isolated from plants, elicits the formation of actin/phospho-myosin II co-aggregates by stimulation of the RhoA/ROCK pathway and inhibition of LIM-Kinase.