yeasts

Isavuconazole (RO-0094815)(BAL-4815; RO-0094815) is the active component of the new azole antifungal agent BAL8557 with MIC(50)s/MIC(90)s ranged from 0.002/0.004 mg/liter for C. albicans to 0.25/0.5 mg/liter for C. glabrata.

Sorbic acid is a natural product that inhibits various bacteria, including sporeformers,

Piperazinomycin is an antifungal antibiotic, showing inhibitory activity against fungi and yeasts, especially against Trichophyton.

Butoconazole Nitrate is the nitrate salt form of butoconazole, a synthetic imidazole derivative with fungistatic properties. Butoconazole nitrate (RS 35887) interferes with steroid biosynthesis by inhibiting the conversion of lanosterol to ergosterol, thereby changing the fungal cell membrane lipid composition. This alters cell permeability and leads to growth inhibition. Butoconazole nitrate is active against many dermatophytes and yeasts. It also contains antibacterial effects against some gram-positive organisms.

Naftifine Hydrochloride is the hydrochloride salt form of naftifine, an allylamine derivate with synthetic broad-spectrum antifungal activity. Although the exact mechanism through which naftifine hydrochloride exerts its effect is unknown, it appears to selectively inhibit the enzyme squalene 2, 3-epoxidase, thereby inhibiting the biosynthesis of sterol. This results in a decreased amount of sterols, especially ergosterol which is the primary fungal membrane sterol, and a corresponding accumulation of squalene in fungal cells. Naftifine hydrochloride (Naftifine HCl) can be fungicidal as well as fungistatic to yeasts depending on the concentration and the organisms involved.

Methylchloroisothiazolinone Methylisothiazolinone Mixture (Kathon 886MW) is an isothiazolinone preservative that is widely used in cosmetics to inhibit the growth of bacteria, yeasts, and fungi, while potentially causing contact skin sensitization. Methylisothiazolinone activates matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) in human bronchial epithelial cells to induce apoptosis and inflammation.

Isavuconazole D4 is a deuterium labeled Isavuconazole. Isavuconazole is a triazole prodrug with antifungal activity against yeasts, molds, and dimorphic fungi.

(25RS)-Schidigera saponin E1 is an natural product extracted from the stems of Y. schidigera, which exhibited potent growth-inhibitory activities against certain food-deteriorating yeasts, film-forming yeasts, and dermatophytic yeasts and fungi.

(25RS)-Schidegera saponin D1 is an natural product extracted from the stems of Y. schidigera, which exhibited potent growth-inhibitory activities against certain food-deteriorating yeasts, film-forming yeasts, and dermatophytic yeasts and fungi.

Schidigera saponin A1 is an natural product extracted from the stems of Y. schidigera, which exhibited potent growth-inhibitory activities against certain food-deteriorating yeasts, film-forming yeasts, and dermatophytic yeasts and fungi.

Chloroazodin is an aliphatic chloramine derivative with potent antimicrobial properties. It is effective against a wide range of microorganisms, fungi, yeasts, and Plasmodium while exhibiting low toxicity.

Brolaconazole is an imidazole derivative with potent antimicrobial activity against pathogenic fungi, molds, yeasts, and Gram-positive bacteria.

Chloroazodin is an aliphatic chloramine derivative with potent antimicrobial properties, effective against a range of microorganisms, fungi, yeasts, and malarial parasites, while exhibiting low toxicity.

7-Hydroxytropolone (3-Hydroxytropolone) is an antibiotic that exhibits activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, as well as yeasts and fungi. It also functions as an inhibitor of 2''-O-adenylate transferase.

Naftoxate is an antimicotic. It is effective against both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria as well as yeasts and other fungi in plant cell culture.

Lydicamycin is a new antibiotic isolated from the fermentation broth of an actinomycete strain identified as Streptomyces solani. Lydicamycin is active against Gram-positive bacteria and certain yeasts, but inactive against Gram-negative bacteria. [2]

Ajoene is a disulfide that has been found inA. sativumand has diverse biological activities, including antibacterial, anticancer, antiplatelet, and antioxidant properties.1,2,3,4It is active against Gram-positive (MICs = 5-160 µg/ml) and Gram-negative bacteria (MICs = 136-200 µg/ml), as well as yeasts (MICs = 10-20 µg/ml).1Ajoene is cytotoxic to mouse melanoma cells (IC50= 18 µM), as well as human colon, lung, mammary, and pancreatic cancer cells (IC50s = 7-41 µM).2It reduces tumor growth in a B16/BL6 mouse model of melanoma when administered at a dose of 25 mg/kg every other day and decreases the number of lung metastases when administered prior to tumor cell inoculation at doses ranging from 1-25 mg/kg. It inhibits ADP- or collagen-induced platelet aggregation in isolated baboon platelets when used at concentrations ranging from 75 to 150 µg/ml and in platelet-rich plasma isolated from baboons when administered at a dose of 25 mg/kg.3Ajoene (25 mg/kg) prevents thrombus formation on damaged arterial walls in heparinized pigs in anin situmodel of thrombogenesis.5It also reduces high-fat diet-induced hepatic steatosis, histopathological markers of liver damage, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) formation, and protein oxidation in a mouse model of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD).4 1.Naganawa, R., Iwata, N., Ishikawa, K., et al.Inhibition of microbial growth by ajoene, a sulfur-containing compound derived from garlicAppl. Environ. Microbiol.62(11)4238-4242(1996) 2.Taylor, P., Noriega, R., Farah, C., et al.Ajoene inhibits both primary tumor growth and metastasis of B16/BL6 melanoma cells in C57BL/6 miceCancer Lett.239(2)298-304(2006) 3.Teranishi, K., Apitz-Castro, R., Robson, S.C., et al.Inhibition of baboon platelet aggregation in vitro and in vivo by the garlic derivative, ajoeneXenotransplantation10(4)374-379(2003) 4.Han, C.Y., Ki, S.H., Kim, Y.W., et al.Ajoene, a stable garlic by-product, inhibits high fat diet-induced hepatic steatosis and oxidative injury through LKB1-dependent AMPK activationAntioxid. Redox Signal.14(2)187-202(2011) 5.Apitz-Castro, R., Badimon, J.J., and Badimon, L.A garlic derivative, ajoene, inhibits platelet deposition on severely damaged vessel wall in an in vivo porcine experimental modelThromb. Res.75(3)243-249(1994)

Quinolactactin A is a quinolone fungal metabolite originally isolated from Penicillium. It inhibits TNF production induced by LPS in murine peritoneal macrophages (IC50 = 12.2 μg/ml). It is not active against a variety of bacteria, fungi, and yeasts. Quinolactacin A is a mixture of quinolactacin A1 and A2.

Idarubicin, a potent anthracycline antileukemic agent, is orally active in its application. It functions by inhibiting topoisomerase II, thus interfering with DNA replication and RNA transcription. Furthermore, Idarubicin induces DNA damage, inhibits DNA synthesis, and suppresses c-myc expression. It also demonstrates inhibitory effects on the growth of bacteria and yeasts [1] [2] [3] [4] [5].

Reuterin is a broad-spectrum antimicrobial agent produced by specific strains of Lactobacillus reuteri during anaerobic glycerol metabolism. Reuterin exhibits potent activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, yeasts, molds, protozoa, and human or poultry-associated Campylobacter isolates, serving as a critical tool in microbiology, food safety, and antimicrobial research.

Parconazole Free Base is used in veterinary as an oral fungicide with a broad-spectrum activity against dermatophytes, yeasts, and others fungi. This compound does not have any antibacterial effect. The mechanism of action involves inhibition of the fungal cytochrome P450 dependent 14alpha-dimethylation of lanosterol to ergosterol.

Aculeacin A is used to study mutations that lead to antibiotic resistance in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the inhibition of Candida albicans and the morphogenetic transformation of Candida albicans when treated. Aculeacin A is a lipopeptide that inhibits β-glucan synthesis in yeasts. The inhibition is due to the selective blockage of glucan synthase. Aculeacin A, an amphophilic antibiotic, inhibits the biosynthesis of β−glucan by selective blockage of β(1→3) glucan synthase.

Kalafungin antimicrobial agent that is inhibitory in vitro against a variety of pathogenic fungi, yeasts, protozoa, gram-positive bacteria, and, to a lesser extent, gram-negative bacteria.

Enfumafungin is a triterpenoid glycoside isolated from endophytic fungi, exhibiting antifungal activity against Candida and Aspergillus species by inhibiting (1,3)-β-D-glucan synthesis.