w 13

W 13 is a biochemical.

W-13 hydrochloride (W-13 HCl) is a calmodulin antagonist.

Polyvinyl alcohol (Mw 13000-23000, 87-89% hydrolyzed) is a water-soluble polymer with a molecular weight ranging from 13000 to 23000, characterized by its degree of hydrolysis. The hydrolysis degree refers to the conversion rate of acetate groups in the original polyvinyl acetate into hydroxyl groups. This compound is derived from the polymerization of vinyl acetate followed by the removal of acetate groups, resulting in polyvinyl alcohol. With a hydrolysis degree of 87-89%, a significant portion of acetate groups are replaced by hydroxyl groups, enhancing this polymer's capacity to form crosslinked structures in cryogels, making it suitable as a bio-additive.

PVA (Mw 130000, 87-89% hydrolyzed, ～2700 polymerization) [Polyvinyl alcohol (Mw 130000, 87-89% hydrolyzed, ～2700 polymerization); Poly(Ethenol) (Mw 130000, 87-89% hydrolyzed, ～2700 polymerization)] is a biodegradable polymer. It can be blended with various biopolymers and hydrophilic synthetic polymers to enhance the mechanical properties of films.

Polyvinyl alcohol (Mw 13000-23000, 98% hydrolyzed), also known as PVA, is a water-soluble vinyl polymer that functions as a non-ionic surfactant. It is biodegradable and finds applications in adhesives, coatings, textiles, ceramics, and cosmetics.

W13 is a potent inhibitor of MsbA and is an ATPase stimulator (EC50: 5.5 μM).

Octanoic acid-13C is intended for use as an internal standard for the quantification of octanoic acid by GC- or LC-MS. Octanoic acid is a medium-chain saturated fatty acid. It has been found in Teleme cheeses made from goat, ovine, or bovine milk.1 Octanoic acid is active against the bacteria S. mutans, S. gordonii, F. nucleatum, and P. gingivalis (IC80s = <125, <125, 1,403, and 2,294 μM, respectively).2 Levels of octanoic acid are increased in the plasma of patients with medium-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (MCAD) deficiency, an inborn error of fatty acid metabolism characterized by hypoketotic hypoglycemia, medium-chain dicarboxylic aciduria, and intolerance to fasting.3,4 |1. Mallatou, H., Pappa, E., and Massouras, T. Changes in free fatty acids during ripening of Teleme cheese made with ewes', goats', cows' or a mixture of ewes' and goats' milk. Int. Dairy J. 13(1-3), 211-219 (2003).|2. Hyang, C.B., Alimova, Y., Myers, T.M., et al. Short- and medium-chain fatty acids exhibit antimicrobial activity for oral microorganisms. Arch. Oral Biol. 56(7), 650-654 (2011).|3. Onkenhout, W., Venizelos, V., van der Poel, P.F.H., et al. Identification and quantification of intermediates of unsaturated fatty acid metabolism in plasma of patients with fatty acid oxidation disorders. Clin. Chem. 41(10), 1467-1474 (1995).|4. Rinaldo, P., O'Shea, J.J., Coates, P.M., et al. Medium-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency. Diagnosis by stable-isotope dilution measurement of urinary n-hexanoylglycine and 3-phenylpropionylglycine. N. Engl. J. Med. 319(20), 1308-1313 (1988).

Ethynyl estradiol 3-β-D-glucuronide is a metabolite of ethynyl estradiol that can be detected in urine.1,2It is used as a marker of estrogen contamination in fresh and saltwater.2 1.Hadd, H.E., Slikker, W., Jr., and Helton, E.D.The synthesis and characterization of the glucopyranosiduronic acids of 17a-ethynylestradiol-17bJ. Steroid Biochem.13(9)1107-1114(1980) 2.Griffith, D.R., Soule, M.C.K., Eglinton, T.I., et al.Steroidal estrogen sources in a sewage-impacted coastal oceanEnviron. Sci.: Processes Impacts18(8)931-1106(2016)