vasculature

Nitrendipine (BAY-E-5009) is a calcium channel blocker with marked vasodilator action. It is an effective antihypertensive agent and differs from other calcium channel blockers in that it does not reduce glomerular filtration rate and is mildly natriuretic, rather than sodium retentive.

Fosbretabulin Disodium (CA 4P), a water-soluble prodrug of Combretastatin A4 (CA4), is a microtubule-targeting agent that binds β-tubulin (Kd: 0.4 μM). Fosbretabulin Disodium(Combretastatin A4 disodium phosphate) inhibits the polymerization of tubulin (IC50: 2.4 μM), and also disrupts tumor vasculature.

Midodrine is converted to its active metabolite, desglymidodrine by deglycination reaction. Desglymidodrine selectively binds to and activates alpha-1-adrenergic receptors of the arteriolar and venous vasculature. This causes smooth muscle contraction and leads to an elevation of blood pressure. Desglymidodrine diffuses poorly across the blood-brain barrier and is therefore not associated with effects on the central nervous system. Midodrine hydrochloride (Pro-Amatine) is the hydrochloride salt form of midodrine, a direct-acting prodrug and sympathomimetic agent with antihypotensive properties.

ADH-1 trifluoroacetate (Exherin trifluoroacetate) is a cyclic pentapeptide vascular-targeting agent with potential antineoplastic and antiangiogenic activities. ADH-1 selectively and competitively binds to and blocks N-cadherin, which may result in disruption of tumor vasculature, inhibition of tumor cell growth, and the induction of tumor cell and endothelial cell apoptosis.

SBI-425 is an effective and orally bioavailable inhibitor of tissue-nonspecific alkaline phosphatase (TNAP). SBI-425 effectively inhibits TNAP in the vasculature and improves cardiovascular parameters and survival without a detectable change in the bone.

BNC105P is a benzo[b]furan-based vascular disrupting agent (VDA) prodrug with potential anti-vascular and anti-tumor effects. Upon administration, BNC105P, in its disodium phosphate form, rapidly converts to BNC105. In activated endothelial cells, BNC105 binds to tubulin and inhibits its polymerization, which may block spindle formation, cause cell cycle arrest, and dismantle the tumor vasculature. This creates a hypoxic environment, depriving tumor cells of nutrients, leading to apoptosis. Apart from its VDA activity, BNC105P also exerts direct cytotoxic effects on tumor cells by inhibiting tubulin polymerization. Notably, BNC105 is not a substrate for the multidrug-resistant P-glycoprotein (Pgp) transporter.

Lexibulin (CYT-997)(CYT-997) is a potent tubulin polymerization inhibitor (IC50: 10-100 nM, in Y cell lines). Lexibulin blocks the formation of the mitotic spindle and leading to cell cycle arrest at the G2/M phase; this may result in disruption of the tumor vasculature and tumor blood flow, and tumor cell death.

BRL 55834, a potassium channel activator, has shown to relax airways and vasculature in vivo.

Selexipag (ACT-293987)(NS-304) is prostacyclin receptor agonist that causes vasodilation in pulmonary vasculature and is used in the therapy of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH).

Sulfo-NHS-LC-Biotin sodium, an amine-reactive biotin ester derivative, is incapable of traversing the intact blood-retinal barrier. Sulfo-NHS-LC-Biotin sodium is utilized to evaluate vascular permeability in cerebral and retinal vasculature.

1. Acetylshikonin exhibits weak cytotoxicity against human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) with IC5 of over 2 microM, exhibits the antiangiogenic and antitumorigenic effects by suppressing proliferation and angiogenic factors. 2. Acetylshikonin inhibits the generation of NADPH oxidase complex in the activation of respiratory burst of PMNs, but does not directly inhibit the activity of NADPH oxidase already generated. 3. Certain shikonin derivatives(such as Acetylshikonin) act as modulators of the Nur77-mediated apoptotic pathway and identify a new shikonin-based lead that targets Nur77 for apoptosis induction. 4. Acetylshikonin, shikonin, and alkannin have accelerative effect on the proliferation of granulation tissue in rats. 5. Acetylshikonin has inhibitory effect on the edematous response is due neither to the release of steroid hormones from the adrenal gland nor to the glucocorticoid activity, but probably partly to the suppression of mast cell degranulation and partly to protection of the vasculature from mediator challenge. 6. Acetylshikonin induces apoptosis of hepatitis B virus X protein-expressing human hepatocellular carcinoma cells via endoplasmic reticulum stress.

PKC-IN-4 (compound 7l) is a highly potent and orally active inhibitor of atypical protein kinase C (aPKC), with an IC 50 value of 0.52 µM. In vitro studies show that PKC-IN-4 effectively suppresses NF-κB activity induced by TNF-α and impedes retinal vasculature permeability induced by both VEGF and TNF-α. [1]

BNC105P is a benzofuran-based vascular disrupting agent (VDA) prodrug with potential anti-vascular and antineoplastic activities. Upon administration vascular disrupting agent BNC105P, the disodium phosphate ester of BNC105, is rapidly converted to BNC105; in activated endothelial cells, BNC105 binds to tubulin and inhibits its polymerization, which may result in a blockage of mitotic spindle formation, cell cycle arrest, and disruption of the tumor vasculature. Hypoxic conditions ensue, depriving tumor cells of nutrients and resulting in tumor cell apoptosis. In addition to its VDA activity, this agent has a direct cytotoxic effect on tumor cells by inhibiting tubulin polymerization. BNC105 is not a substrate for the multidrug-resistance P-glycoprotein (Pgp) transporter.

VJ115 is a novel chemical entity that inhibits the enzyme ENOX1, a NADH oxidase. Genetic and small molecule inhibition of ENOX1 inhibits endothelial cell tubule formation and tumor-mediated neo-angiogenesis. Inhibition of ENOX1 radiosensitizes tumor vasculature, a consequence of enhanced apoptosis. VJ115 inhibition of ENOX1 can impact expression of proteins involved in cytoskeletal reorganization and support a hypothesis in which ENOX1 activity links elevated cellular NADH concentrations with cytoskeletal reorganization and angiogenesis.

1. Ginsenoside Rg5 could be a beneficial agent for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. 2. Ginsenoside Rg5 suppresses LPS-induced nitric oxide (NO) production and proinflammatory TNF-α secretion. 3. Ginsenoside Rg5 can ameliorate lung inflammation possib

Melafolone is a natural dual inhibitor of cox-2 and egfr, improving program death 1 (pd-1) checkpoint blockade therapy through normalizing tumor vasculature and pd-l1 downregulation

DSPE-PEG5000-CREKA is a PEG compound composed of DSPE and the fibrin-targeting peptide (CREKA). The CREKA peptide is utilized for targeting tumor cells and tumor vasculature, exhibiting anti-tumor activity. DSPE-PEG5000-CREKA is applicable in drug delivery systems.

DSPE-PEG2000-LTLRWVGLMS is a PEG compound composed of DSPE and the decapeptide (LTLRWVGLMS). Chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan NG2 is the receptor for LLRWVGLMS. LLRWVGLMS demonstrates homing to pericytes associated with tumor vasculature. DSPE-PEG2000-LTLRWVGLMS can be utilized for drug delivery.

DSPE-PEG2000-A7R is a PEG compound consisting of DSPE and a tumor vasculature-targeting peptide (A7R). A7R exhibits high affinity and specificity for VEGFR-2, a receptor that is overexpressed in various tumors.

DSPE-PEG1000-LTLRWVGLMS is a PEG compound composed of DSPE and the decapeptide (LTLRWVGLMS). The receptor for LLRWVGLMS is the chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan NG2. LLRWVGLMS demonstrates homing to pericytes associated with tumor vasculature. DSPE-PEG1000-LTLRWVGLMS can be utilized for drug delivery.

DSPE-PEG3000-CREKA is a PEG compound composed of DSPE and the fibrin-targeting peptide (CREKA). The CREKA peptide targets tumor cells and tumor vasculature, exhibiting antitumor activity. DSPE-PEG3000-CREKA is useful in drug delivery applications.

DSPE-PEG5000-KAA is a PEG compound composed of DSPE and the CKAAKNK (KAA) peptide. The CKAAKNK peptide specifically targets the tumor vasculature of RIP-Tag2 transgenic mice. DSPE-PEG5000-KAA can be utilized for drug delivery purposes.

DSPE-PEG1000-NGR is a PEG compound composed of DSPE and the Asn-Gly-Arg (NGR) peptide. The NGR peptide has the capability to target the CD13 antigen present in tumor vasculature. DSPE-PEG1000-NGR can be utilized for drug delivery.

DSPE-PEG1000-A7R is a PEG compound consisting of DSPE and the tumor vasculature-targeting peptide (A7R). A7R exhibits high affinity and specificity for VEGFR-2, which is overexpressed in various tumors.