tgf-β1

Methacycline hydrochloride (Rondomycin) is a broad-spectrum semisynthetic antibiotic related to TETRACYCLINE but excreted more slowly and maintaining effective blood levels for a more extended period.

Cassiaside C (Toralactone 9-O-β-D-gentiobioside), a naphthopyrone extracted from Cassia tora seeds, demonstrates in vitro inhibitory activity against the formation of advanced glycation end products (AGE).

pm26TGF-β1 peptide, mimicking a portion of the human TGF-β1 molecule, demonstrates a high affinity for the TGF-β1 receptor. It exhibits potent anti-inflammatory properties without inducing neutrophils' chemoattraction [1] [2].

pm26TGF-β1 TFA peptide is a synthetic peptide that emulates a segment of the human TGF-β1 molecule, demonstrating high affinity for the TGF-β1 receptor. It possesses potent anti-inflammatory capabilities while lacking the ability to attract neutrophils [1] [2].

Disitertide acetate (P144 acetate) is a peptidic transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-β1) inhibitor specifically designed to block the interaction with its receptor. Disitertide acetate is also a PI3K inhibitor and an apoptosis inducer.

LCB 03-0110 Dihydrochloride is a potent inhibitor of the c-Src kinase (IC50 = 1.3 nM) and tyrosine kinases in the BTK and SYK family, as well as in the DDR2 family. It inhibits LPS-induced activation of macrophages and TGF-β1-induced activation of fibroblasts in vitro, inhibits activation of macrophages and fibroblasts, and inhibits scarring in wound healing models.

AXL-IN-13 is a potent and orally active AXL inhibitor with an IC50 of 1.6 nM and a Kd of 0.26 nM. It exhibits anticancer activity, reverses TGF-β1-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), and inhibits cancer cell migration and invasion.

SB-525334 is a potent and selective inhibitor of the TGF-β1R and ALK5 (IC50: 14.3 nM).

Disitertide (P144) is an inhibitor of TGF-β1.

KY-05009 is a chemical compound that effectively suppresses TGF-β1-induced epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in human lung adenocarcinoma cells, reduces TNIK protein expression and the transcriptional activity of Wnt target genes, and promotes apoptosis in cancer cells, displaying anti-cancer properties. Furthermore, it functions as an ATP-competitive Traf2- and Nck-interacting kinase (TNIK) inhibitor with a Ki of 100 nM.

SIS3 free base is a potent and selective inhibitor of Smad3 phosphorylation, effectively inhibiting the TGF-β1-induced myofibroblast differentiation of fibroblasts.

Isoviolanthin reduces the migratory and invasive capacities of TGF-β1-treated HCC cells without cytotoxic effects on normal live cells and has potential as a therapeutic agent for the treatment of advanced-stage metastatic HCC. Isoviolanthin is a flavonoid glycoside extracted from the leaves of Dendrobium Officinale.

JNK-1-IN-4 (Compound E1) is an inhibitor of JNK, targeting JNK-1, JNK-2, and JNK-3 with IC50 values of 2.7, 19.0, and 9.0 nM, respectively. This compound inhibits the phosphorylation of c-Jun and reduces the expression of TGF-β1-induced EMT markers (such as fibronectin and α-SMA). JNK-1-IN-4 exhibits favorable pharmacokinetic properties with a bioavailability of 69%. Additionally, it demonstrates antifibrotic effects in a Bleomycin-induced mouse model of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.

ALK5-IN-83 (compound 13b) is an ALK5 inhibitor with an IC50 of 0.13 μM. It suppresses TGF-β1-induced Smad2 phosphorylation and cell motility in A549 cells.

STAT3-IN-39 (compound 10K) is an orally active inhibitor of STAT3, demonstrating effective inhibition of STAT3 phosphorylation with an IC50 of 0.47 μM in NIH-3T3 cells. It hinders TGF-β1-induced fibrotic responses and prevents epithelial-mesenchymal transition in A549 cells. STAT3-IN-39 is applicable for research related to idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.

MORF-627 is an orally active selective inhibitor of integrin αvβ6 (integrinαvβ6), with an IC50 of 9.2 nM as measured in a human serum ligand binding assay. It effectively inhibits αvβ6-mediated activation of TGF-β1 with an IC50 of 2.63 nM and suppresses SMAD2/3 phosphorylation, showing an IC50 of 8.3 nM. Additionally, MORF-627 ameliorates bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis in mice.

PROTAC AR Degrader-9 (Compound c6) is a PROTAC-based degrader specifically targeting the androgen receptor. It effectively degrades the androgen receptor in human dermal papilla cells (HDPC) with a DC50 of 262.38 nM. Additionally, this compound enhances the expression of paracrine factors, such as TGF-β1 and β-catenin, thereby promoting hair regeneration in mouse models. [Pink: ligand for target protein AR ligand-38; Black: linker; Blue: ligand for E3 ligase Cereblon]

NOX4-IN-1 (Compound 14m) is an inhibitor of NADPH oxidase 4 (NOX4) that reduces the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). It also inhibits the TGF-β1 Smad signaling pathway, leading to decreased expression of fibrosis-related proteins. Additionally, NOX4-IN-1 impedes the migration of NRK-49F cells.

FGFRs-IN-1 (Compound A16) is an orally active inhibitor targeting FGFR1 2 3 4, with IC50 values of 2.3, 7, 11, and 163 nM respectively. It also inhibits VEGFR1 2 3, Abl, and Flt3, with IC50 values of 61, 176, 112, 26, and 353 nM. The compound shows weak inhibition of CYP enzymes. FGFRs-IN-1 reduces the expression of α-SMA and collagen I, and it inhibits epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in A549 cells stimulated by TGF-β1. Additionally, FGFRs-IN-1 demonstrates anti-inflammatory activity in mouse models of lung fibrosis induced by Bleomycin and liver fibrosis induced by CCl4.

HDAC6-IN-53 (Compound W28) is an inhibitor targeting histone deacetylase 6 (HDAC6) with an IC50 of 19.65 nM. It reduces the idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) phenotype by inhibiting TGF-β1-induced collagen expression and demonstrates therapeutic efficacy in a bleomycin-induced mouse model of pulmonary fibrosis. HDAC6-IN-53 is applicable for research in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and related pulmonary fibrotic diseases.

TRPC6 antagonist-1 (X26) is a TRPC6 inhibitor with IC50 values of 0.97 μM for TRPC6, 3.93 μM for TRPC3, 5.77 μM for TRPC5, and 4.37 μM for TRPC7. Additionally, TRPC6 antagonist-1 hinders TGF-β1-induced myofibroblast differentiation, thereby mitigating renal fibrosis.

p-nitro-Pifithrin-α is a cell-permeable analog of pifithrin-α, a potent p53 inhibitor. It suppresses p53-mediated TGF-β1 expression in HK-2 cells and inhibits the activation of caspase-3 by Zika virus (ZIKV) strains. Moreover, p-nitro-Pifithrin-α attenuates steatosis and liver injury in mice subjected to a high-fat diet, mitigating the effects of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease [1] [2] [3] [4].

Mitochonic Acid 35 is a dual TNF-α and TGF-β1 inhibitor that acts by inhibiting IκB kinase phosphorylation and Smad3 phosphorylation.

CAY10583 is a potent and selective BLT2 (leukotriene B4 receptor type 2) agonist that increases TGF-β1 and bFGF expression, promotes keratinocyte migration and fibroblast proliferation, and accelerates wound healing in diabetic mice.