t18:0/18:0

C18 Phytoceramide (t18:0/18:0) (Cer(t18:0/18:0)) is a bioactive sphingolipid found in S. cerevisiae, wheat grains, and the stratum corneum layer of mammalian epidermis. It comprises a phytosphingosine backbone amine-linked to a C18 fatty acid chain. Cer(t18:0/18:0) regulates apoptosis, cell differentiation, smooth muscle cell proliferation, and inhibits the mitochondrial respiratory chain. It also suppresses the expression of allergic cytokines IL-4, TNF-α, and transcription factors c-Jun and NF-κB in histone-stimulated murine skin tissue. Formulations with cer(t18:0/18:0) are utilized in cosmetics as skin protectants, reducing water loss and preventing epidermal dehydration and irritation.

EOP (t18:0/30:0/18:2) (C48:2 EOP (t18:0/30:0w18:2 (9Z,12Z)); N-(30-Linoleoyloxy-triacontanoyl)-phytosphingosine) is a phytoceramide-based compound resembling EOS. This compound is synthesized by esterifying ω-hydroxy very long-chain ceramides (C28-36) with the essential fatty acid linoleic acid. EOP (t18:0/30:0/18:2) has been utilized as a component in models of stratum corneum lipid mixtures.

C2 Phytoceramide is a bioactive semisynthetic sphingolipid that inhibits formyl peptide-induced oxidant release (IC50 = 0.38 μM) in suspended polymorphonuclear cells. It increases COX-2 protein levels 15-fold through ERK signaling. It induces death of keratinocytes (20% viability) with an ED50 value of 30 μM, the same concentration at which 35% of cells in a TUNEL assay are apoptotic. C2 Phytoceramide also has antiproliferative effects in CHO cells, with greater than 80% cytotoxicity achieved at a concentration of 20 μM, and induces internucleosomal DNA fragmentation. In addition, it inhibits the activation of phospholipase D (PLD) mediated by muscarinic acetylcholine receptors in vitro.

C16 Phytoceramide (t18:0/16:0) is a phytoceramide, which is a family of sphingolipids found in the intestine, kidney, and extracellular spaces of the stratum corneum of the mammalian epidermis. C16 Phytoceramide (t18:0/16:0) is composed of a phytosphingosine backbone amine-linked to a C16 fatty acid chain. The levels of C16 phytoceramide (t18:0/16:0) increase following heat stress in S. cerevisiae. It has been used with other ceramides to create stratum corneum substitutes to study percutaneous penetration and psoriasis in vitro.

C24 Phytosphingosine (t18:0/24:0) is a phytoceramide, which is a family of sphingolipids found in the intestine, kidney, and extracellular spaces of the stratum corneum of the mammalian epidermis. C24 Phytosphingosine (t18:0/24:0) is composed of a phytosphingosine backbone amine-linked to a C24 fatty acid chain. It has been used with other ceramides to create stratum corneum substitutes to study percutaneous penetration and psoriasis in vitro. In a stratum corneum model of healthy skin, the incorporation of long-chain-containing phytoceramides, such as C24 phytosphingosine (t18:0/24:0), increases permeability of the membrane in comparison with incorporation of dihydroceramides.

C22 Phytoceramide (t18:0/22:0) is a lipid molecule that can be used in life science related research. The CAS number of C22 Phytoceramide (t18:0/22:0) is 164576-03-8.

C6 Phytoceramide (t18:0/6:0) is a lipid molecule that can be used in life science related research. The CAS number of C6 Phytoceramide (t18:0/6:0) is 249728-94-7.

C8 Phytoceramide (t18:0/8:0) is a lipid molecule that can be used in life science related research. The CAS number of C8 Phytoceramide (t18:0/8:0) is 249728-93-6.

C23 Phytoceramide (t18:0/23:0) is a long-chain sphingolipid identified in C. sinensis.