synapse

EAAT2 activator 1 (3-[(2-Chloro-6-fluorobenzyl)thio]-6-pyridin-2-ylpyridazine) is a thiopyridazine derivative that has been found to increase EAAT2 protein levels in astrocytes.

Pratensein as a novel transcriptional up-regulator of scavenger receptor class B type I in HepG2 cells.

Aniracetam (Ro 13-5057)(Ro 13-5057), a nootropic and neuroprotective drug, selectively modulates the AMPA receptor and nAChR.

VU10010 (VU 10010) is allosteric potentiator of M4 acetylcholine receptors.

A 21960 (Ethyl 2-chloroacetoacetate) inhibits synapse formation between resolvase and two directly repeated res sites, blocks site-specific recombination reactions, and can be used to study bacterial infections.

L-Threonic acid magnesium salt (L-TAMS) increases synapse density and memory ability in both aged rats and late stage Alzheimer's disease (AD) model mice.

Perfluoroenanthic acid (Perfluoroheptanoic acid) is a perfluoroalkyl substance (PFAS) that negatively impacts spermatogenic development and testicular m6A RNA methylation in offspring exposed during gestation, thus impeding spermatogenesis and inducing reproductive toxicity. Additionally, in primary cortical neuron cultures, Perfluoroenanthic acid alters dendritic spine morphology and synaptogenesis, enhances neural activity and synaptic transmission, and increases the expression of excitatory synapse-associated proteins Synaptophysin and PSD95.

PI3K/AKT/ERK/CREB activator 1 is an orally active agent that stimulates the PI3K/AKT/ERK/CREB signaling pathway. It supports neuronal survival and function, enhances neuron proliferation, and revives the activity of damaged neurons, while also aiding in synapse formation. By reducing pro-inflammatory cytokine levels, it alleviates neuroinflammation and preserves synaptic ultrastructure, thereby restoring spatial memory in Alzheimer's disease models. PI3K/AKT/ERK/CREB activator 1 serves as a valuable tool for Alzheimer's disease research.

A-20832 inhibits resolvase-promoted site-specific recombination postsynaptically at strand cleavage. It does not inhibit resolvase binding to res, as measured by filter binding, or synapse formation. DNase I analysis in the presence of A-20832 indicates t

(-)-L-threo-PDMP is an enhancer of ganglioside biosynthesis. The (-)-L-threo-PDMP (1S,2S) isomer is the active stimulatory component of DL-threo-PDMP in contrast to (+)-D-threo-PDMP , which is an inhibitor of glucosylceramide synthetase. (-)-L-threo-PDMP upregulates GM3, GD3, and GQ1b synthase levels, which are glycosyltransferases involved in ganglioside biosynthesis, and increases ganglioside levels in cells. It increases neurite outgrowth and synapse formation in vitro and improves retention of a long-term memory learned prior to forebrain ischemia in rats when administered following ischemia at a dose of 40 mg/kg per day.

Q134R, a neuroprotective derivative of hydroxyquinoline, effectively inhibits nuclear factor of activated T-cell (NFAT) signaling and possesses the ability to cross the blood-brain barrier. This compound shows promise for research into Alzheimer's disease (AD) and aging-related disorders[1].

RX 801077 is a highly selective alpha2-adrenoceptor antagonist. It enhances norepinephrine release in the synapse, used for depression, cognitive impairment, and CNS pharmacology research.

Leptin (116-130), a bioactive fragment of leptin, enhances synaptic plasticity in the hippocampus by promoting AMPA receptor trafficking to synapses. It preserves hippocampal synapse integrity and prevents neuronal cell death in amyloid toxicity models, showing promise for Alzheimer's disease (AD) research [1].

Cevostamab (BFCR4350A; RG6160; RO7187797) is a humanized bispecific antibody targeting FcRH5/CD3. It binds to FcRH5 expressed on multiple myeloma (MM) cells and CD3 on T cells, promoting T cell synapse formation and inhibiting B-cell malignancies.

CNB-001 is a potent inhibitor of 5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX) that reduces 5-LOX expression while enhancing proteasome activity. It also increases phosphorylation of eIF2α and levels of HSP90 and ATF4 in Alzheimer's disease transgenic mice, thereby limiting soluble Aβ and ubiquitinated aggregated protein accumulation. Additionally, CNB-001 maintains synapse-associated protein expression and improves memory, making it a valuable compound for Alzheimer's disease research [1].

Perfluoroenanthic acid-13C4 (Perfluoroheptanoic acid-13C4) is the 13C-labeled form of Perfluoroenanthic acid. Perfluoroenanthic acid (Perfluoroheptanoic acid) is a perfluoroalkyl substance (PFAS) known to adversely affect testicular development and m6A RNA methylation in offspring when exposure occurs during pregnancy, leading to reproductive toxicity by disrupting spermatogenesis. Additionally, in primary cortical neuron cultures, Perfluoroenanthic acid alters dendritic spine morphogenesis and synapse formation, enhances neuronal activity and synaptic transmission, and increases the expression of excitatory synapse-related proteins Synaptophysin and PSD95.

Apamin acetate (Apamine acetate) is a selective Ca2+-activated blocker of K+ (SK) channels, an 18-amino acid peptide neurotoxin found in bee toxins.Apamin acetate enhances synapse growth and regeneration following laceration injury to cortical neurons.Apamin acetate has anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrotic effects.

Stalk peptide is a GPR110 activator. It is released from the receptor's extracellular GAIN domain (GPCR Autoproteolysis INducing domain) through an autocatalytic process, after which Stalk peptide inserts into the receptor's ligand-binding pocket, activating the receptor. Stalk peptide promotes neural growth and synapse formation, making it useful for studying neural development and neurodegenerative diseases.