parasitic

Primaquine diphosphate is the phosphate salt form of primaquine, a synthetic, 8-aminoquinoline derivative with antimalarial properties. Although its mechanism of action is unclear, primaquine bind to and alter the properties of protozoal DNA. This agent eliminates tissue (exo-erythrocytic) malarial infection, preventing the development of the erythrocytic forms of the parasite which are responsible for relapses in Plasmodium vivax and ovale malaria. Primaquine is active against late hepatic stages (hypnozoites, schizonts).

Paromomycin binds specifically to the RNA oligonucleotide at the A site of bacterial 30S ribosomes, thereby causing misreading and premature termination of translation of mRNA and inhibition of protein synthesis followed by cell death. Paromomycin Sulfate (Aminosidine sulfate) is the sulfate salt form of paromomycin, a structural derivative of neomycin, an aminoglycoside antibiotic with amebicidal and bactericidal effects against predominantly aerobic gram-negative bacteria.

Diclazuril (R-64433) is a coccidiostat.

Nitazoxanide (NSC-697855) is a synthetic benzamide with antiprotozoal activity. Nitazoxanide exerts its antiprotozoal activity by interfering with the pyruvate ferredoxin/flavodoxin oxidoreductase dependent electron transfer reaction.

Arecoline hydrobromide (Arecoline HBr) is a muscarinic acetylcholine receptor agonist.

Asparagusic acid is unique to asparagus. It is responsible for the odorous urine excreted after eating asparagus. Its derivatives ihydroasparagusic acid have an anti-inflammatory effect.

Anti-parasitic agent 3 is effective against drug-resistant parasites.

Antiparasitic agent-10 (Compound 94) is a potent anti-parasitic agent with significant anti-schistosomal activity, particularly against adult Schistosoma mansoni, making it a promising candidate for Schistosomiasis research as a treatment option [1].

Antiparasitic Agent-20 (Compound 1p) exhibits broad-spectrum activity as a parasitic inhibitor, demonstrating efficacy against T. brucei and T. cruzi with EC50 values of 0.09 µM and 14.1 µM, respectively [1].

Antiparasitic agent-24 (Compound 14a) is an antiparasitic compound with EC50 values of 0.005 μM for L. maj, 0.069 μM for L. don, 0.82 μM for T. brucei, and 4.1 μM for T. cruzi.

Antiparasitic agent-26 (Compound 8) is an antiparasitic compound that effectively inhibits the growth of Naegleria fowleri, with an IC50 of 22.87 μM (trophozoite stage) and 25.16 μM (cyst stage). It exerts its antiparasitic effects by inducing programmed cell death, which includes cytosolic calcium accumulation, mitochondrial membrane potential collapse, ATP synthesis inhibition, ROS accumulation, and chromatin condensation. Antiparasitic agent-26 can be utilized in research on primary amoebic meningoencephalitis (PAM).

Antiparasitic agent-25 (Compounds 11) is an orally active antiparasitic compound. It inhibits the invasion and replication capabilities of parasites and has an irreversible effect on Toxoplasma gondii. The agent significantly reduces the replication rate of Toxoplasma gondii, with an IC50 value of 6.33 μM, and exhibits low cytotoxicity, having a CC50 value of 285 μM.

Antiparasitic agent-21 (compound 28) exhibits selective antiparasitic activity against Naegleria fowleri, with an EC50 of 0.92 μM. Additionally, Antiparasitic agent-21 demonstrates excellent blood-brain barrier permeability.

Antiparasitic agent-22 (Compound 24) is a broad-spectrum antiparasitic compound that inhibits the procyclic form of T. brucei, L. infantum, and L. tropica with IC50 values of 2.41, 5.95, and 8.98 μM, respectively, and the amastigote form of L. infantum with an IC50 of 8.18 μM. It also shows inhibitory activity against the P. falciparum W2 strain with an IC50 of 0.155 μM. Additionally, Antiparasitic agent-22 exhibits low cytotoxicity in THP1 cells, with a CC50 of 64.16 μM.

Antiparasitic agent-4 (compound 4q) exhibits high antiparasitic activity with an IC50 of 8.51 μM for Leishmania infantum (L. infantum) and an IC50 of 2.20 μM for Trypanosoma cruzi (T. cruzi). It is also cytotoxic against HepG2 cells with a CC50 of 18.97 μM [1].

Antiparasitic agent-6 (compound 5b) demonstrates selective antiparasitic activity against Leishmania infantum (L. infantum) with an IC50 of 3.89 μM and exhibits cytotoxicity against HepG2 cells with a CC50 of 13.64 μM [1].

Antiparasitic agent-2 (compound 8a) exhibits potent antiparasitic activity against Leishmania infantum (L. infantum) and Trypanosoma cruzi (T. cruzi) with IC50s of 7.28 μM and 2.30 μM, respectively, and demonstrates moderate cytotoxicity against HepG2 cells with a CC50 of 26.79 μM [1].

Antiparasitic agent-8 (Compound 9) exhibits potent antiparasitic activity against Hymenolepis nana, with low levels of cytotoxicity [1].

Antiparasitic agent-7 (compound 5d) exhibits specific antiparasitic activity against Leishmania infantum (L. infantum) with an IC50 value of 2.85 μM and demonstrates cytotoxicity against HepG2 cells with a CC50 value of 10.61 μM [1].

Antiparasitic agent-5 (compound 8h) exhibits potent selectivity against Leishmania infantum (L. infantum) with an IC50 value of 2.50 μM and displays cytotoxic effects on HepG2 cells with a CC50 value of 6.78 μM [1].

Antiparasitic agent-9 (compound 47) is a highly effective and orally administered antiparasitic agent, demonstrating significant efficacy against the human parasite [1].

Antiparasitic Agent-14 is a potent antiparasitic compound with demonstrated cytotoxicity and antiparasitic activity, effectively inhibiting the growth of trypomastigote and amastigote forms [1].

Antiparasitic Agent-17 (compound 5u), an orally active antiparasitic, demonstrates inhibition against both Chloroquine-sensitive (Pf3D7) and Chloroquine-resistant (PfK1) strains, with IC50 values of 0.96 μM and 1.67 μM, respectively [1].

Antiparasitic agent-18 (compound 3a) exhibits potent and selective antiprotozoal activity, effectively inhibiting T. brucei (EC50 = 0.4 µM), T. cruzi (EC50 = 0.21 µM), and L. donovani (EC50 = 0.26 µM) [1].