oxidative neurotoxicity

Idebenone (CV-2619) is a synthetic analogue of ubiquinone (Coenzyme Q10), a vital cell antioxidant and essential component of the Electron Transport Chain (ETC).

CL-13 is an inhibitor of butyrylcholinesterase (BChE), exhibiting an IC50 of 1.15 μM and a selectivity index (SI) of 9.2 for acetylcholinesterase. It demonstrates antioxidative activity in SH-SY5Y cells with a DPPHEC50 of 47.01 μM and has the capacity to chelate metals involved in Aβ aggregation and or oxidative stress, showing no neurotoxicity at concentrations up to 50 μM. CL-13 can also reverse scopolamine-induced cognitive impairments without affecting motor abilities in mice.

Fenobucarb, a widely employed carbamate insecticide, poses potential risks to the cardiovascular and cerebrovascular systems in animals[1][2]. It triggers developmental neurotoxicity in zebrafish by engaging pathways related to inflammation, oxidative stress, degeneration, and apoptosis.

ARN 14494 is a potent serine palmitoyltransferase inhibitor (SPT; IC50 = 27.3 nM). ARN 14494 inhibits synthesis of long chain ceramides and dihydroceramides in an in vitro model of Alzheimer's diease. The compound prevents the synthesis of proinflammatory cytokines and the oxidative stress-related enzymes iNOS and COX-2 in mouse primary cortical astrocytes. ARN 14494 is neuroprotective against β-amyloid 1-42 induced neurotoxicity in primary cortical neurons co-cultured with astrocytes.

4-Hydroxyestrone, an endogenous estrogen metabolite, can strongly protect neuronal cells against oxidative damage.

Paeonilactone B ((+)-Paeonilactone B), a monoterpenoid from Paeonilactone, has neuroprotective activity, inhibits oxidative stress, and suppresses H2O2-induced neurotoxicity in rat cortical cells.

Pinostrobin, a potent flavonoid inducer, exerts a neuroprotective effect against Aα²(25-35)-induced neurotoxicity in PC12 cells, at least in part, via inhibiting oxidative damage and calcium overload, as well as suppressing the mitochondrial pathway of ce

Cedrin has protective effects on PC12 cells against the neurotoxicity induced by amyloid β1-42, the protective effect is related to the inhibition of oxidative stress, improvement of mitochondrial dysfunction and suppression of apoptosis.