neurodegeneration

BAF312 (Siponimod (BAF-312)), a next-generation S1P receptor modulator, is specific for S1P1 and S1P5 receptors with EC50 of 0.39 nM and 0.98 nM, respectively. The specificity of BAF312 for S1P1 and S1P5 receptors exhibits >1000-fold over S1P2, S1P3 and S1P4 receptors.

Anti-neurodegeneration agent 1, a neurodegeneration-targeting agent.

NUCC-390, a novel small-molecule CXCR4 receptor agonist, selectively induces CXCR4 receptor internalization while acting antagonistically to AMD3100. This compound facilitates nerve functional recovery following neurodegeneration in vivo.

H3 receptor-MO-1, a potent modulator of the histamine H3 receptor (H3 receptor), can be utilized to study neurodegeneration and cognitive disorders.

Vutiglabridin (HSG4112) is a novel and safe modulator of PON2, a racemic compound. vutiglabridin is an optimized structural analogue of Glabridin and is superior to Glabridin in terms of weight loss and chemical stability. vutiglabridin ameliorates mptp-induced neurodegeneration in Parkinson's disease mice by targeting mitochondrial paraoxonase-2. Vutiglabridin is a clinical phase 2 drug for the treatment of obesity and has therapeutic effects on p-mitochondrial PON2 in a PD model. vutiglabridin penetrates the brain, binds PON2, and restores 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridine (MPP*)-induced neuroblastoma in SH-SY5Y Vutiglabridin significantly attenuated 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-induced dyskinesia and dopaminergic neuronal damage in mice modeled with PD in mouse experiments.

Rosolutamide (ALZ-003) is a curcumin analog, an orally active Nrf1 and Nrf2 activator.Rosolutamide modulates oxidative homeostasis, improves mitochondrial function and promotes autophagy, reduces mutant protein aggregation, and decreases intracellular mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels.Rosolutamide has been used in the study of neurodegeneration such as spinal cerebellar ataxia and Huntington disease. neurodegenerative diseases such as Huntington's disease. Regulates oxidative homeostasis.

Pyridostatin (RR82) is a synthetic small-molecule stabilizer of G-quadruplexes, a secondary structure of DNA that usually exists in the end of the chromosome or the telomeres.

Pyraclostrobin is one of the most heavily used fungicides that inhibits mitochondrial complex III of fungal and mammalian cells.

6-PPD (Antioxidant 4020) is an antioxidant that is the most commonly used additive in rubber and enters the environment through large emissions of tire wear particles. 6-PPD can induce neurodegeneration in Caenorhabditis elegans.

1. Octyl Gallate is an antioxidant approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) as a food additive. 2. Octyl Gallate has antimetastatic activity. 3. Octyl Gallate shows antimicrobial activity against H. pylori, with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) value of 125 ug mL. 4. Combination therapy with octyl gallate and ferulic acid improves cognition and neurodegeneration in a transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer's disease.5. Octyl Gallate is a potential anticancer agent, it exhibited decreased MCF-7 & MDA-MB-231 survival and induced apoptosis, with IC50 value of 40 uM. 6. Octyl gallate (Octyl 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoate) has antiviral activity, it shows an inhibitory effect on the growth of herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) in HEp-2 or Vero cells. 7. Octyl gallate shows antifungal activity against Saccharomyces cerevisiae ATCC7754 and Zygosaccharomyces bailii ATCC 60483.

Lamivudine (BCH-189) is a reverse transcriptase inhibitor and ZALCITABINE analog in which a sulfur atom replaces the 3' carbon of the pentose ring. It is used to treat HIV disease.

1. Isoquercetin (3-Glucosylquercetin) is a potential stimulator of bone mineralization used for prophylaxis of osteoporotic disorders. 2. Isoquercetin may be as a potential therapeutic agent against neurodegeneration in Parkinson's disease. 3. Isoquercetin is an inhibitor of Wnt β-catenin and may be as a potential novel anti-tumoral agent, such as against human pancreati,liver cancer related to opioid receptors and to the activation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signalling pathway. .

1. Vitexin has antinociceptive and antispasmodic activities. 2. Vitexin exhibits a prominent first-pass effect. 3. Vitexin has antioxidant, antimyeloperoxidase, and α-glucosidase inhibitory activities. 4. Vitexin can either inhibit or induce activities of

GKT136901 (AK120765) is an inhibitor of NOX1 4.It acts as Selective and Direct Scavenger of Peroxynitrite

AK-1 is a sirtuin 2 (SIRT2) inhibitor (IC50:12.5 µM).that prevents hippocampal neurodegeneration in Alzheimer's disease models and induces cell cycle arrest in colon carcinoma cells.

Edicotinib (JNJ-527) is a blood-brain-penetrating, orally active, selective CSF-1R inhibitor (IC50 value is 3.2 nM), with less inhibitory effects on KIT (IC50 value is 20 nM) and FLT3 (IC50 value is 190 nM). Edicotinib (JNJ-527) can block microglial proliferation and attenuate neurodegeneration, and can be used to study Alzheimer's disease and rheumatoid arthritis.

Ezeprogind disulfate is a neurotrophic inducer. Ezeprogind disulfate targets all causes of neurodegeneration including Abeta protein or tau protein. Ezeprogind disulfate can be used for the research of neurological disorders, including progressive supranu

ATX inhibitor 10 is a nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compound that is a potent inhibitor of ATX. Among other things, ATX plays a role in causing pathologies including fibrosis, neurodegeneration, arthritis, neuropathic pain, and cancer. ATX inhibitor 10 has shown research potential for ATX-related diseases.

Geissoschizoline ((+)-Geissoschizoline), with IC50 values of 20.40 µM for human AChE and 10.21 µM for BChE, functions as a potent inhibitor and emerges as a promising multi-target prototype for research into preventing neurodegeneration and restoring neurotransmission. Additionally, it serves as a potent anti-inflammatory agent.

K6PC-5 is a ceramide derivative that acts as an activator of sphingosine kinase 1 (SPHK1), inducing a swift and temporary rise in intracellular calcium levels. With its potential applications in skin diseases associated with abnormal keratinocyte function, as well as in studies on neurodegeneration and virus infection, K6PC-5 presents a promising compound for research purposes.

Cucurbitacin E is a natural product isolated from the climbing stem of Cucumic melo L. It significantly suppresses the activity of the cyclin B1 CDC2 complex.Cucurbitacin E has prevention of neurodegeneration, it has potent anti-proliferative, antineoplas

Laquinimod (LAQ) is an effective immunomodulator, which is currently under development in phase III trials for the treatment of multiple sclerosis as an oral therapy.

BI-6C9 is an inhibitor of tBid (Kd = 20 µM).BI-6c9 prevented MOMP and mitochondrial fission, and protected the cells from cell death.

TSPO ligand-1 has affinity for peripheral and central benzodiazepine receptors.TSPO ligand-1 is an AUTAC4-binding protein in the transmembrane domain of the outer mitochondrial membrane, which induces mitochondrial autophagy and promotes intracellular mitochondrial regeneration.TSPO ligand-1 is involved in intracellular cholesterol transport, and can be used as a biomarker for brain injury and neurodegeneration. TSPO ligand-1 is involved in intracellular cholesterol transport and can be used as a biomarker for brain damage and neurodegeneration.