mosaic

Piperonylic acid (2H-1,3-benzodioxole-5-carboxylic acid) is a natural molecule bearing a methylenedioxy function that closely mimics the structure of trans-cinnamic acid. Piperonylic acid selectively inactivate the CYP73A P450 subpopulation.

Malformin A is a cyclopentapeptide fungal metabolite that has been found in A. niger and has diverse biological activities. It is a plant growth regulator that induces malformations in plant structure. Malformin A inhibits replication of tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) in local lesion and leaf-disc assays (IC50s = 19.7 and 45.4 μg/ml, respectively). It is cytotoxic to NCI-H460, MIA PaCa-2, MCF-7, SF-268, and WI-38 cancer cells (IC50s = 70, 50, 100, 70, and 100 nM, respectively), inhibits proliferation of PC3 and LNCaP cells (IC50s = 130 and 90 nM, respectively), and induces apoptosis and necrosis in PC3 and LNCaP cells. Malformin A also increases the accumulation of reactive oxygen species, decreases the mitochondrial membrane potential, and induces autophagy in PC3 and LNCaP cells. It is toxic to mice when administered intraperitoneally (LD50 = 3.1 mg/kg) but not orally up to doses of 50 mg/kg.

(±)-Phrymarolin II is a promising class of inhibitors that target the tobacco mosaic virus, representing a novel approach in plant virus suppression.

Chaparrinone, a bittersweet analog from Ailanthus altissima (Mill.), has antimalarial, antitumor, and antiviral activities and has been used in the study of tobacco mosaic virus infections and SARS virus infections.

7-Deoxy-trans-dihydronarciclasine is an alkaloid that functions as a tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) inhibitor with an IC50 of 1.80 μM and also serves as an anti-neuroinflammatory agent. This compound reduces Aβ and APP levels in the cerebral cortex of Tg2576 mice [1] [2] [3].

Herbimycin B, an ansamycin antibiotic, functions as an inhibitor of Src family kinases. It exhibits herbicidal effects on most monocotyledonous and dicotyledonous plants and can inhibit the activity of tobacco mosaic virus (TMV), HeLa cells, and Ehrlich cells.

Yadanziolide A is a natural product isolated from the cultivated dry seeds of Brucea javanica, has strong antiviral activities with IC50 of 5.5 μM against tobacco mosaic virus. Yadanziolide A shows significant antitumor effects.

Methyl 4-Hydroxyphenylacetate has potent inhibitory activity against tobacco mosaic virus (TMV).

Citrusin B exhibits moderate in vitro inhibitory effect on tobacco mosaic virus replication with IC50 values 0.26 mmol L⁻1.