intestine

Clidinium bromide (Ro 2-3773) , a synthetic anticholinergic agent, has been shown in experimental and clinical researchers to have a pronounced antisecretory and antispasmodic effect on the gastrointestinal tract. It can inhibit muscarinic actions of acetylcholine at postganglionic parasympathetic neuroeffector sites. It is used for the treatment of peptic ulcer disease and also to help relieve cramps or stomach spasms or abdominal due to colicky abdominal diverticulitis, pain, and irritable bowel syndrome.

Type V collagen (from mouse intestine) serves as an immunization-grade protein that can elicit a specific immune response in animals, generating antibodies directed against this collagen. Additionally, this collagen functions as a hydrolytic substrate for matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs).

Litoxetine HCl is a selective 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) and mixed 5-hydroxytryptamine antagonist used in the treatment of urinary incontinence. Litoxetine HCl in the absence of antimuscarinic concentrations without antimuscarinic properties (10 nM-1 microM) caused concentration-dependent relaxation of isolated oesophageal muscle mucosa in rats, reducing carbachol tone by up to 37%. Higher concentrations of Litoxetine HCl (3 microM-300 microM) were associated with significant relaxation up to abolition of carbachol tone. The antiarrhythmic activity of Litoxetine HCl, previously demonstrated in the isolated guinea pig intestine, was exerted in the isolated rat oesophageal muscle mucosa at concentrations greater than 1 microM. The 5-HT-releasing effect of Litoxetine HCl could explain the potency of Litoxetine HCl on 5-HT-induced relaxation in untreated rat tissue, which was reversed by pCPA treatment.

Colchicine is an orally active natural alkaloid that acts by inhibiting microtubule polymerization (IC50 = 3 nM) and as a competitive antagonist of the α3 glycine receptor. It possesses broad anti-inflammatory, immunosuppressive, and antifibrotic activities, can inhibit NLRP3 inflammasome activation to prevent NSAID-induced small intestine injury, holds potential for gouty arthritis and rheumatoid arthritis research, and is commonly used to establish Alzheimer’s disease models.

Chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA) is a bile acid that inhibits 11β-HSD2 with an IC50 value of 22 mM. Chenodeoxycholic acid acts as a detergent to dissolve fat for intestinal absorption and is reabsorbed by the small intestine. Chenodeoxycholic acid is used as a choledocholithiasis, choledocholithiasis and laxative, as well as to prevent or dissolve gallstones.

D-alpha-Tocopherol acetate (Vitamin E Acetate) is hydrolyzed to d-alpha-tocopherol (VE) and absorbed in the small intestine.

Cyanocobalamin is a cobalt-containing coordination compound generated by intestinal microbes and a natural water-soluble vitamin of the B-complex family that must combine with Intrinsic Factor for absorption by the intestine. Cyanocobalamin is necessary for hematopoiesis, neural metabolism, DNA, and RNA production, and carbohydrate, fat, and protein metabolism. B12 improves iron functions in the metabolic cycle and assists folic acid in choline synthesis. B12 metabolism is interconnected with that of folic acid. Vitamin B12 (Cobalamin) deficiency causes pernicious anemia, megaloblastic anemia, and neurologic lesions.

Cisapride (R 51619) is a serotonin type 4 (5-HT4) receptor agonists are potent prokinetic agents that act on serotonin receptors in the intestine and promote intestinal peristalsis, increase gastric emptying and decrease esophageal reflux.

Lysergol has been used as a hypotensive, psychotropic analgesic, and uterus- and intestine-stimulating drug. Lysergol is a clavinet alkaloid isolated from seeds of Ipomoea muricata and is a bioenhancer for the drugs and nutrients and has antibacterial act

Ferulic Acid (Coniferic acid) is a highly abundant phenolic phytochemical and a type of organic compound found in the Ferula assafoetida L. or Ligusticum chuanxiong.It can be absorbed by the small intestine and excreted through the urine.

Rebaudioside D is a potential sweetener. Rebaudioside D shows similar stability when exposed to simulate stomach and small intestine fluids, with susceptibility to hydrolytic degradation by enteric bacteria collected from the cecum.

Bempedoic acid (ETC1002) is an orally available, once-daily LDL-C lowering small molecule designed to lower elevated levels of LDL-C and to avoid side effects associated with existing LDL-C lowering therapies. Bempedoic acid(ETC1002) is absorbed rapidly in the small intestine and enters the liver through cell surface receptors different from those transporters that selectively take up statins. Bempedoic acid(ETC1002) is a regulator of lipid and carbohydrate metabolism.

Sodium Hydrogen Sulfide (hydrate) is, like nitric oxide, an important gaseous mediator that has significant effects on the immunological, neurological, cardiovascular and pulmonary systems of mammals. Sodium Hydrogen Sulfide (hydrate) is an H2S donor commonly used in cellular and whole animal experimental systems. For example, it has been used to suggest that H2S promotes neutrophil migration, reduces airway inflammation, and protects neurites, heart, and intestine from chemical or ischemic-reperfusion damage.

4,4'-Dimethoxybenzil (p-Anisil) is a human intestinal carboxyl esterase (hiCE) inhibitor( Ki : 70 nM).

Enterostatin, human, mouse, rat acetate is a pentapeptide mainly formed in the intestine by the cleavage of secreted pancreatic procolipase.

Compound 2058-74-4, with CAS No. 2058-74-4, is a fragment molecule that serves as an important scaffold for molecular linking, expansion, and modification. Compound 2058-74-4 provides a structural basis and research tool for the design and screening of novel drug candidates, and is commonly used in drug discovery, drug synthesis, and related research.

Cefadroxil is a first generation aminocephalosporin with good patient compliance, a long-acting therapeutic effect, high solubility and relatively broad spectrum of anti-bacterial activity. Cefadroxil is also a substrate of the intestinal peptide transporter PepT1, which is primarily responsible for the drug's uptake across the apical membrane of small intestine.

Sennoside A (NSC-112929), a kind of irritant laxative isolated from rhei rhizome, causes purgative actions in the intestine.

FCE 28654 is a water-soluble acyl-CoA inhibitor.

3β-Ursodeoxycholic acid (Isoursodeoxycholic acid) is a bile acid that exhibits good tolerance and good intestinal absorption when administered orally.3β-Ursodeoxycholic acid (Isoursodeoxycholic acid) can undergo enzymatic isomerization in the intestines and the 3β-Ursodeoxycholic acid (Isoursodeoxycholic acid) undergoes enzymatic isomerization in the intestine and liver and produces UDCA.

Haloxon is an organophosphorus anthelmintic. Haloxon is used against nematodes of the abomasum and small intestine in ruminants.

Men 10376 is a selective antagonist of tachykinin NK-2 receptor. It has a Ki of 4.4 μM for rat small intestine NK-2 receptor.

3-Oxocholic acid(3-Ketocholic acid) is the metabolite of bile acid and the main product of bile degradation by Clostridium perfringens in the intestine.3-Oxocholic acid is a steroid acid mainly found in the bile of mammals.

Compound 22b, also known as TGR5 agonist 6, is a non-systemic, intestine-targeted TGR5 agonist that demonstrates significant and sustained blood glucose-lowering effects with an acceptable safety profile.