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Vincamine (Perval) is a major alkaloid of Vinca minor L., Apocynaceae. It has been used therapeutically as a vasodilator and antihypertensive agent, particularly in cerebrovascular disorders.

ZP3022 is a dual agonist targeting the glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor (GLP-1R) and cholecystokinin 2 (CCK2) receptor. It selectively enhances cAMP accumulation or ERK phosphorylation in HEK293 cells with GLP-1R or CCK2 receptor expression, compared to ERK phosphorylation in cells with the CCK1 receptor (EC50s: 0.02, 10.3, and >1,000 nM for human receptors, respectively). At 40 nM, ZP3022 promotes proliferation of rat neonatal β-cells in vitro. It also boosts glucose-induced insulin secretion (GSIS) in rat pancreatic islets at 10 and 100 nM concentrations and decreases body weight in rats at 40 nmol/kg doses twice daily. Administered at 100 nmol/kg daily, ZP3022 enhances β-cell and total pancreatic mass and improves glucose tolerance in db/db mice, while reducing food intake but not body weight in these mice.

DRAK1/2-IN-2 (Compound Y17) is an inhibitor of DRAK1/2, with IC50 values of 353.2 nM for DRAK2 and 507.4 nM for DRAK1. This compound enhances mitochondrial membrane potential and glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS). It also combats lipotoxicity-induced apoptosis and significantly suppresses the secretion of the pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-1β, providing anti-inflammatory effects. Additionally, DRAK1/2-IN-2 significantly reduces blood glucose levels in mice and is applicable in diabetes research.

ATM-1001 is an inhibitor of the cancer-associated tropomyosin 3.1 (Tpm3.1), suppressing glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) from the pancreatic islets.