gpr35 agonist 1

GPR35 agonist 1 is a highly effective and specific GPR35 CXCR8 agonist (EC50: 5.8 nM).

CID 2745687 is a moderately potent, concentration-dependent antagonist at human GPR35 with pIC50 = 6.70. CID 2745687 cannot effectively antagonize the agonist effects of either Zaprinast or Cromolyn disodium at rodent ortholog of GPR35 in vitro[1]. However, CID 2745687 can reverse lodoxamide-mediated anti-fibrotic effects in mice in vivo[2].

GPR35 agonist 4 (compound 10) demonstrates high potency as a GPR35 agonist with a pEC50 of 5.86, effective on both human and rat GPR35; mutation of arginine at position 3.36 results in loss of its agonist function on GPR35 [1].

Bufrolin, an analog of Cromoglycate (histamine release inhibitor) and a potent agonist of GPR35, enhances the interaction between β-arrestin-2 and both human GPR35a and rat GPR35. It stabilizes mast cells, exhibiting antiallergic properties, and inhibits anti-inflammatory responses triggered by internalization peptides. Furthermore, Bufrolin is researched for its anti-inflammatory properties in pharmaceutic applications associated with internalization peptides [1] [2] [3].

Kynurenic acid, an active metabolite of tryptophan, is synthesized through a kynurenine intermediate by kynurenine aminotransferases (KATs). It acts as an antagonist of both NMDA and AMPA receptors, as well as α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs; EC50s = 235, 101, and 7 µM, respectively), and functions as an agonist for the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) and G protein-coupled receptor 35 (GPR35; EC50s = 1.4 and 39 µM, respectively). In a neonatal rat model of cerebral hypoxic-ischemia, induced by carotid artery ligation, administration of kynurenic acid at 300 mg kg prevents weight loss in the lesioned hemisphere. Additionally, at concentrations of 1 and 5 mg ml, it protects against neurodegeneration in the rhabdomere of the eye in an Htt93QtransgenicDrosophila model of Huntington's disease. Elevated levels of kynurenic acid in the cerebrospinal fluid have been observed in patients with schizophrenia.

Compound 6 (3,5-dinitro-bisphenol A), also known as GPR35 agonist 5, exhibits weak GPR35 agonistic activity. This compound causes G1 Go phase arrest in CHO-S cells [1].