gallstone

glycohyodeoxycholic acid is a major metabolite of the secondary bile acid hyodeoxycholic acid in humans.

β-Muricholic acid (β-MCA) is a murine-specific primary bile acid.[1],[2] Dietary administration of β-MCA reduces HMG-CoA reductase activity in liver microsomes from mice fed a high cholesterol and cholic acid diet.[3] Dietary administration of β-MCA also dissolves 100% of gallstones in a gallstone-susceptible mouse model of diet-induced cholesterol gallstones.[4]

12-Ketochenodeoxycholic acid 12 is a direct precursor of cholodeoxycholic acid (CDCA). 12-Ketochenodeoxycholic acid 12 supports bile acid biosynthesis studies since CDCA is used to dissolve cholesterol gallstones and exhibits chemotherapeutic properties, enabling scientific investigation into bile acid metabolism, gallstone dissolution pathways, and hepatobiliary disease intervention mechanisms with enhanced experimental applicability and translational value.