fungal disease

Isoprothiolane is a foliar spray fungicide with eradicant and protectant activities against fungal diseases of rice plant caused by Pyvioutavia oryzae Cav.

1. Ginkgetin has anti-influenza virus and anti-fungal activities. 2. Ginkgetin has anti-inflammatory activity, can down-regulates COX-2 induction in vivo against skin inflammatory responses. 3. Ginkgetin is a good STAT3 inhibitor and may be a useful lead

Albaconazole (W-0027) is a small molecule fungal cytochrome P450 family member 51 (fungal CYP51A1) inhibitor. It is used in the treatment of fungal infections, skin and musculoskeletal disorders, and can be used in the study of vulvovaginal candidiasis, Chagas disease and genitourinary disorders.

Chlorothalonil (DAC 2787) is a broad-spectrum fungicide with high efficiency and low toxicity. Chlorothalonil is widely used to control various pests such as fruit trees and vegetable leaves. Chlorothalonil also has good control effects on various diseases such as rice, wheat, and cotton.

Boscalid is a broad-spectrum carboxamide fungicide that inhibits fungal respiration by binding to the ubiquinone site of mitochondrial complex II/succinate dehydrogenase.1It suppresses mycelial growth ofS. minorby 87 to 100% and ofS. sclerotiorumby 77 to 100% when used at a concentration of 1 μg/ml.2In field studies, boscalid applied at 5.6 μg/cm2provides 55.5 and 30.4% disease control for lettuce drop caused byS. minorandS. sclerotiorum, respectively. It decreases cell viability of mouse primary cortical neurons following long-term exposure but is not cytotoxic (LC50= >100 μM for acute and continuous exposure). Formulations containing boscalid have been used in agriculture to prevent fungal growth on crops. 1.Wang, Y., Duan, Y., Wang, J., et al.A new point mutation in the iron-sulfur subunit of succinate dehydrogenase confers resistance to boscalid in Sclerotinia sclerotiorumMol. Plant Pathol.16(7)653-661(2015) 2.Matheron, M.E., and Porchas, M.Activity of boscalid, fenhexamid, fluazinam, fludioxonil, and vinclozolin on growth of Sclerotinia minor and S. sclerotiorum and development of lettuce dropPlant Dis.88(6)665-668(2004)

Pyraclostrobin is one of the most heavily used fungicides that inhibits mitochondrial complex III of fungal and mammalian cells.

Anandamide ((5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-N-(2-Hydroxyethyl)icosa-5,8,11,14-tetraenamide), an immune modulator, acts via not only cannabinoid receptors (CB1 and CB2) but also other targets (e.g., GPR18/GPR55) in the central nervous system.

Antifungalagent 134 (Compound B13) is an antifungal agent effective against Botrytis cinerea, Alternaria solani, Fusarium graminearum, Rhizoctonia solani, Colletotrichum orbiculare, and Alternaria alternata with EC50 values of 3.24, 1.89, 1.70, 0.36, 4.27, and 1.50 μg/mL, respectively. It disrupts the fungal cell membranes and mitochondria, leading to substantial accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Additionally, Antifungalagent 134 exhibits significant herbicidal activity on field weeds such as Amaranthus retroflexus L and Abutilon theophrasti Medicus, and is applicable in crop disease and field weed research.

Isofetamid (IKF-5411) is a fungicide and succinate dehydrogenase inhibitor effective against various fungal diseases, including gray mold, white mold, and powdery mildew. This compound holds potential for research in plant fungal disease management.

Coumoxystrobin is a methoxyacrylate strobilurin fungicide that exhibits antifungal (fungal) activity. It inhibits the hyphal growth of rice blast fungus, enhances cell membrane permeability, and reduces respiration. In ex vivo barley leaves, it provides protective activity against rice blast fungus. Coumoxystrobin also decreases ATP activity in Chlorella vulgaris, leading to algal death. It is applicable in research related to rice blast disease.

Pyrithiamine hydrobromide, an inhibitor of thiamine metabolism that acts as a substrate for thiamine pyrophosphate kinase, causes neurologic symptoms similar to wernickke - korsakoff syndrome in animals.

Fluvastatin belongs to a class of medications called statins and is used to reduce plasma cholesterol levels and prevent cardiovascular disease. It is also the first entirely synthetic HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor and is structurally distinct from the fungal derivatives of this therapeutic class.

SDH-IN-17 (compound C32) is a flavonol derivative containing an acylhydrazone, serving as an effective succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) inhibitor with an IC50 of 8.42 μM. This compound can bind to the active site and form strong interactions with key residues of SDH. Additionally, it exhibits antifungal activity against Fusarium graminearum (EC50=0.170 μg/mL). SDH-IN-17 disrupts normal fungal growth by compromising the structural integrity of the cell membrane and cellular respiration. The potential of SDH-IN-17 for plant disease control research is noteworthy.

Citronellol-d3 ((±)-Citronelloll-d3) is the deuterium-labeled form of Citronellol. Citronellol ((±)-Citronellol) acts as an orally effective apoptosis inducer. It can prevent oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and apoptosis in the Parkinson's disease model of SH-SY5Y cells induced by 6-OHDA through the regulation of ROS-NO, MAPK/ERK, and PI3K/Akt signaling pathways. Additionally, Citronellol induces necroptosis in human lung cancer cells via the TNF-α pathway and reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation. It modulates the autophagy pathway by reducing LC-3 and p62 levels, inhibiting oxidative stress and neuroinflammation, thus offering neuroprotective effects in rat models of Parkinson's disease. Furthermore, Citronellol exhibits antifungal activity against Trichophyton rubrum by inhibiting ergosterol synthesis.

Ginkgetin (Standard) is a reference standard for research and analysis in studies involving Ginkgetin. 1. Ginkgetin has anti-influenza virus and anti-fungal activities. 2. Ginkgetin has anti-inflammatory activity, can down-regulates COX-2 induction in vivo against skin inflammatory responses. 3. Ginkgetin is a good STAT3 inhibitor and may be a useful lead molecule for development of a therapeutic STAT3 inhibitor. 4. Ginkgetin induces apoptosis in PC-3 cells via activation of caspase 3 and inhibition of survival genes as a potent chemotherapeutic agent for prostate cancer treatment. 5. Ginkgetin has neuroprotective activity against neurological injury induced by MPTP occurs via regulating iron homeostasis, it may provide neuroprotective therapy for Parkinson's disease and iron metabolism disorder related diseases.

Avenanthramide L is a phytoalexin that inhibits spore germination of oat crown rust (Puccinia coronata f. sp. avenae). It is found in the leaves of inoculated oats (Avena sativa L.) and achieves a 50% inhibition rate of fungal spore germination at concentrations of 200-300 μg/mL. This compound is absent in the leaves of healthy oat seedlings and can be utilized for research on oat crown rust disease.