fluorescence

AQC (6-Aminoquinolyl-N-hydroxysccinimidyl carbamate) is a reagent used in HPLC for the fluorescence detection of amino acid or protein sequences. It reacts with primary and secondary amino acids to produce fluorescent derivatives, enabling the detection of amino acids at picomolar levels.

6-CFDA (6-Carboxyfluorescein diacetate) is fluorescent polyanionic probe that used to measure changes in intracellular pH (pHi) and processes such as dendrimer aggregation and absorption.

2-NBDG is a fluorescent indicator for direct glucose uptake measurement. It is an indicator of cell viability.

Ethidium bromide (EB) A trypanocidal agent and possible antiviral agent that is widely used in experimental cell biology and biochemistry. Ethidium has several experimentally useful properties including binding to nucleic acids, noncompetitive inhibition of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors, and fluorescence among others. It is most commonly used as the bromide. Ethidium bromide has a λEx of 300-360 nm and a λEm of 590 nm.

Acridine Orange hydrochloride is a fluorescent dye of cell-permeable. It binds to nucleic acids, resulting in an altered spectral emission.It is used as a supravital stain and in fluorescence cytochemistry. It may cause mutations in microorganisms.

Dabcyl acid (DABCYL) is the original dark fluorescence quencher.

IR-820 (New Indocyanine Green) is a near-infrared dye with improved stability, good color rendering, and excellent fluorescence penetration. It serves as an infrared blood pool contrast agent for detecting and quantifying diseased tissue in live animals, with maximal excitation (Ex) and emission (Em) of 710 and 820 nm, respectively.

DiSC3(5) is a lipophilic cationic fluorescent probe sensitive to changes in membrane potential. 3,3'-Dipropylthiadicarbocyanine iodide accumulates in hyperpolarized cell membranes, leading to fluorescence quenching; when the membranes are depolarized, the dye is released from the cells and the fluorescence intensity is enhanced, which is used for real-time monitoring of mitochondrial membrane potential changes and membrane hyperpolarization. The maximum excitation emission wavelength was 622 670 nm.

Acridine Orange base is a cell-permeable fluorescent dye that binds to nucleic acids and emits different colors of fluorescence, which exhibits green fluorescence when bound to dsDNA (Ex=488 nm, Em=520-524 nm) and red fluorescence when bound to ssDNA or ssRNA (Ex=457 nm, Em=630-644 nm) and can be used for cell cycle analysis and apoptosis detection.

Thioflavin T (Basic Yellow 1) is a widely used dye for visualizing and is a cationic Benzothiazole dye that shows enhanced fluorescence upon binding to amyloid in tissue sections.

5(6)-FITC (Fluorescein isothiocyanate), or Fluorescein 5(6)-isothiocyanate, is a versatile amine-reactive derivative of fluorescein dye. It serves as an effective label for antibodies and other probes, finding utility in fluorescence microscopy, flow cytometry, and immunofluorescence-based assays such as ELISA and Western blotting.

Sulforhodamine B sodium salt (Acid Red 52) is a fluorescent dye. It can be used from laser-induced fluorescence to the quantification of cellular proteins of cultured cells.

Dihydroethidium (PD-MY 003) is a peroxide indicator with blue fluorescence in the cytoplasm (λex=518 nm, λem=616 nm), which disappears when oxidized and is cell permeable.

Propidium Iodide (PI) is a red fluorescent dye utilized for cell staining and is suitable for fluorescence microscopy, confocal microscopy, flow cytometry, and fluorometer analysis. In aqueous solution, the Ex Em of PI is 493 636 nm. Upon binding with nucleic acid, the Ex Em shifts to 535 617 nm, enhancing the fluorescence signal 20-30 times.

5-CFDA (5-Carboxyfluorescein diacetate)(5-Carboxyfluorescein diacetate) is membrane-permeant. It can be loaded into cells via incubation and hydrolyzed by intracellular esterases to 5-carboxyfluorescein that is used for labeling human intervertebral disk cells in vitro for fluorescence microscopy.

5-Aminofluorescein (5-AF) (5-AF) is a covalently-bound fluorescence marker conjugated with human serum albumin. It exhibits an excitation wavelength of 490 nm and an emission wavelength of 515 nm.

6-Aminofluorescein (6-AF) (6-AF) is a noval fluorescence marker.

HOE-S 785026 trihydrochloride is a live cell labeling dye that binds to nucleic acids by targeting the minor groove in DNA double strands, with a preference for A T-rich regions (fluorescence is significantly enhanced by A T-rich double-stranded DNA). It crosses cell membranes and binds to living or immobilized cells, with its fluorescence intensity increasing as the solution pH rises.

Sulfo-Cy5.5 Trifluoroacetate is a kind of cyano dye, which is very suitable for non-invasive in vivo near-infrared imaging, and is suitable for applications that require a low fluorescence background.

5-FAM (5-Carboxyfluorescein) (5-Carboxyfluorescein) contains a carboxylic acid, which can be used to react with primary amines via carbodiimide activation of the carboxylic acid. Fluorescein is the most common fluorescent derivatization reagent for labeling biomolecules. In addition to its excellent fluorescence quantum yield, relatively high absorptivity, and good water solubility, it also has an excitation maximum that closely matches the 488 nm spectral line of the argon-ion laser.

5-TAMRA-SE, an amine-reactive fluorescent agent, forms conjugates that produce bright, pH-insensitive orange-red fluorescence (approximate excitation emission maxima ~546 579) and exhibit good photostability.

CLR1501 is a fluorescently labeled CLR1404 analog and a cancer cell-selective fluorescence compound[1][2].

DFHBI, a small molecule resembling the chromophore of green fluorescent protein (GFP), is essentially nonfluorescent when unbound. The Spinach-DFHBI complex, however, exhibits bright fluorescence both in vitro and in living cells.

DiI (DiIC18(3)) is a lipophilic membrane dye commonly used as a long-term tracer for neurons and other cells. DiI fluoresces very weakly before it enters the cell membrane, and only after it enters the cell membrane can it be excited to emit a strong orange-red fluorescence (λex=549 nm, λem=565 nm).