excitotoxic

D-α-Hydroxyglutaric acid disodium [Disodium (R)-2-Hydroxyglutarate] is a competitive inhibitor of α-ketoglutarate-dependent dioxygenases with a Ki of 0.628 mM.

2-hexyl-4-Pentynoic Acid, a valproic acid (VPA) derivatives, is a potent and robust HDACs inhibitor with IC50 value of 13 μM.

PF-9601N showed high potency and selectivity as a MAO-BI (monoamine oxidase type B inhibitor) and also demonstrated remarkable neuroprotective properties in several in vivo and cellular models of PD.

Kainic acid is an excitatory amino acid receptor agonist (EC50=16.2 μM). Kainic acid is an effective excitatory toxic agent. Kainic acid induces epileptic seizures.

SGE-201 is an allosteric modulator of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors. SGE-201 also unmasked differences among the blockers in neuronal networks - measured either by suppression of activity in multi-electrode arrays or by neuroprotection against a mild exc

(-)-(α)-Kainic Acid (hydrate) is an effective excitotoxic agent that acts as an agonist of ionotropic glutamate receptor subtypes, capable of inducing seizures and commonly used to establish animal models of epilepsy.

AM6701 is an effective dual inhibitor of FAAH (fatty acid amide hydrolase) and MAGL (monoacylglycerol lipase), with an IC50 of 1.2 nM. It exhibits neuroprotective effects by modulating endogenous cannabinoids and inhibiting calpain-mediated excitotoxic brain injury.