diterpenoids

Geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate tetrabutylammonium(1:2) is one of the endogenous cholesterol and intermediates produced by the mevalerate pathway. Geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate tetrabutylammonium(1:2) is the common precursor of diterpenoids, for example, Paclitaxel. It can be used for cancer research.

Farnesylacetone ((5E,9E)-6,10,14-Trimethylpentadeca-5,9,13-trien-2-one) is a marine derived natural products found in Sargassum micracanthum.

(+)-Medicarpin, a pterocarpan, is an isoflavonoid compound derived from medicinal plant species such as Sophora japonica, Zollernia paraensis, Platymiscium yucatamun, Machaerium aristulatum, and Platymiscium floribundum. It potently inhibits osteoclastogenesis and facilitates bone healing and increased bone mass through osteoblast differentiation, mediated by the estrogen receptor (ER) β.

Lasiodonin is a natural product isolated from the leaves of Isodon parvifolius.

Kaurane-3,16,17-triol,ent-kaurane-3-oxo-16α,17-diol,and ent-16α,17-dihydroxyatisan- 3-one are three kinds of toxic diterpenoids isolated from the roots of genus Euphorbia.

Deacetylforskolin is a diterpene and a derivative of forskolin that has been found inC. forskohliiand has diverse biological activities.1,2,3,4It activates rat adipocyte adenylyl cyclase (IC50= 20 μM) and inhibits glucose transport in rat adipocyte plasma membranes.2Deactylforskolin (30-1,000 μg/kg) reduces blood pressure in spontaneously hypertensive rats.3It also attenuates hypercapnia-induced impairments in the passive avoidance response in mice.4 1.Gabetta, B., Zini, G., and Danieli, B.Minor Diterpenoids of Coleus forskohliiPhytochemistry28(3)859-862(1989) 2.Joost, H.G., Habberfield, A.D., Simpson, I.A., et al.Activation of adenylate cyclase and inhibition of glucose transport in rat adipocytes by forskolin analogues: structural determinants for distinct sites of actionMol. Pharmacol.33(4)449-453(1988) 3.Bhat, S.V., Dohadwalla, A.N., Bajwa, B.S., et al.The antihypertensive and positive inotropic diterpene forskolin: Effects of structural modifications on its activityJ. Med. Chem.26(4)486-492(1983) 4.McCulloch, A.J., Thomson, T.A., and Deacon, R.Hypoxic amnesia and its reversal with forskolinBiochem. Soc. Trans.17(1)212-213(1988)

Minimolide F, isolated from Centipeda minima, shows antiproliferative activity against human nasopharyngeal cancer cells with an IC50 of 17.4 μM.

Lophotoxin belongs to the cembrene class of diterpenoids; neuromuscular toxin isolated from several pacific gorgonians of the genus Lophogorgia.

Longikaurin E ((-)-Longikaurin E) is a therapeutic agent for pancreatic cancer. It is isolated from Isodon adenolomus.

Lophanthoidin B is a natural product isolated from the herbs of Rabdosia lophanthoides.

Lophanthoidin F is a kind of natural product derived from the herbs of Rabdosia lophanthoides.

Chinensine B and Chinensines A, C, D and Ε are antitumor diterpenoids.

Geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate, a key metabolite in protein geranylgeranylation, serves as the universal precursor for diterpenoids, such as Paclitaxel. Its role in cancer research stems from this critical function.

Eurycomanol 2-O-β-D-glucopyranoside, a natural diterpenoid compound, is extracted from Tongkat Ali.

Totarol ((+)-Totarol) shows antibacterial effects against several pathogenic Gram-positive bacteria, mycobacterium tuberculosis.

Ingenol mebutate (Ingenol 3-Angelate) is a potent activator of PKC subtypes including PKC-α, PKC-β, PKC-γ, PKC-δ, and PKC-ε with Kis of 0.3, 0.105, 0.162, 0.376, and 0.171 nM. Ingenol mebutate exhibits antiinflammatory and antitumor activity.

Pristane (2,6,10,14-tetramethylpentadecane) is a natural product from shark liver oil and a non-antigenic adjuvant.

Maoecrystal B is a diterpenoid isolated from the leaves of Isodon eriocalyx var.

Dehydroabietinol (Pomiferin A) inhibits growth of chloroquine-sensitive as well as chloroquine-resistant strains of Plasmodium falciparum cultivated in erythrocytes in vitro (IC 50 26-27 microM).

Litophynin A is an insect Growth Inhibitory Diterpenoids from the Soft Coral Litophyton sp.

Bruceine E is isolated from B. javanica seeds with hypoglycemia effects. Bruceine E can be used for studies about acting as an insulin secretagogue.

Scutebarbolide G is a neo-clerodane diterpenoid that can be extracted from the aerial parts of Scutellaria barbata. Some neo-clerodane diterpenoids exhibit remarkable phytotoxic activity.

Lyoniol B is a grayanane diterpenoids from the leaves of Craiobiodendron yunnanense.

Terpendole I is a fungal metabolite that has been found in A. yamanashiensis.1 It is a weak inhibitor of acyl-coenzyme A:cholesterol acyltransferase (ACAT; IC50 = 145 μM) and is active against the bacteria B. cereus and B. subtilis (MICs = 100 μg/ml for both) but not S. aureus, P. aeruginosa, or K. pneumoniae (MICs = >200 μg/ml for all) or the fungus C. albicans (MIC = 200 μg/ml).1,2 It is cytotoxic to HeLa cells with an IC50 value of 52.6 μM.3 |1. Tomoda, H., Tabata, N., Yang, D.-J., et al. Terpendoles, novel ACAT inhibitors produced by Albophoma yamanashiensis. III. Production, isolation and structure elucidation of new components. J. Antibiot. (Tokyo) 48(8), 793-804 (1995).|2. Zhao, J.-C., Wang, Y.-L., Zhang, T.-Y., et al. Indole diterpenoids from the endophytic fungus Drechmeria sp. as natural antimicrobial agents. Phytochemistry 148, 21-28 (2018).|3. Nagumo, Y., Motoyama, T., Hayashi, T., et al. Structure-activity relationships of terpendole E and its natural derivatives. ChemistrySelect 2(4), 1533-1536 (2017).