diffuse

Mepazine (Pecazine) is a potent and selective inhibitor of MALT1, inhibiting GSTMALT1 full length and GSTMALT1 325-760 with IC50s of 0.83 μM and 0.42 μM, respectively. Mepazine enhances apoptosis and impacts cell viability.

TCIP 1 is a small molecule in the category of transcriptional epigenetic covalent inhibitor probes (TCIPs) that forms covalent bonds with molecules targeting BCL6 and BRD4. This compound facilitates cell death gene expression by directing endogenous cancer drivers or transcription factors to the promoters of these genes. Additionally, TCIP 1 exhibits a gain-of-function mechanism, displaying both cell and tissue specificity, and it establishes a ternary complex with BCL6 and BRD4. It counteracts BCL6's inhibitory effect on apoptosis gene expression, leading to the activation of apoptosis. Furthermore, TCIP 1 markedly suppresses MYC oncogene expression and curtails the proliferation of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) [1].

Avadomide (CC 122) is an orally available pleiotropic pathway modulator with potential antineoplastic activity.

ARV-393 is a PROTAC degrader targeting BCL6 with the advantage of being highly potent and orally available.ARV-393 recruits BCL6 and E3 ligase cerebellum to rapidly degrade BCL6 through the cell's natural ubiquitin proteasome system for the treatment of diffuse large b-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL).

Voruciclib is an orally active and selective CDK inhibitor (Ki: 0.626 nM-9.1 nM) that represses the expression of MCL-1 in multiple models of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma and effectively blocks CDK9, the transcriptional regulator of MCL-1.

BF-168 is a candidate probe for PET and specifically recognizes both neuritic and diffuse plaques (Ki: 6.4 nM for Aβ1-42).

IRAK4-IN-6 is a selective and orally efficacious inhibitor of IRAK4, demonstrating an IC50 value of 4 nM. This compound specifically targets MyD88 L265P mutant diffuse large B-cell lymphoma [1].

AZ1495 is an oral active inhibitor of Interleukin-1 receptor associated kinase 4 (IRAK4), with IC50 values of 5 nM and 23 nM for IRAK4 and IRAK1, respectively. Which Shows activity in treatment of mutant MYD88L265P diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL).

Dihydroxyacetone phosphate hemimagnesium salt hydrate is also known as dihydroxyacetone phosphate or 3-hydroxy-2-oxopropyl phosphate. Dihydroxyacetone phosphate hemimagnesium salt hydrate is found in all organisms from bacteria to humans. In humans, Dihydroxyacetone phosphate hemimagnesium salt hydrate is involved in many enzymatic reactions. Dihydroxyacetone phosphate hemimagnesium salt hydrate has been studied for the treatment of lymphoma, large cell lymphoma, and diffuse lymphoma.

LDN-214117 is a potent and selective ALK2 inhibitor.

Compound BPP (HDGFRP2 PSIP1-IN-1) is a dual inhibitor targeting the PWWP domains of Hepatoma-derived Growth Factor Related Protein 2 (HDGFRP2) and its homologue PSIP1. This compound effectively hinders the occurrence and progression of Diffuse Intrinsic Pontine Glioma (DIPG). It demonstrates binding affinity with a Kd value of 7 μM for HDGFRP2, indicative of its efficient ligand efficacy at 0.47. Additionally, Compound BPP exhibits a Kd value of 27 μM when binding to the PSIP1 PWWP domain, and a Kd value of 14 μM against HDGFRP3, confirming its potency as an inhibitor within the HDGFRP2 PWWP subfamily.

Compound WK692 (compund WK692) is a BCL6 inhibitor that effectively suppresses the growth of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma cells without toxic side effects and acts synergistically with inhibitors of EZH2 and PRMT5.

FAK-IN-21 (compound 9) is a FAK inhibitor with an IC50 value of 37.52 nM. It inhibits cell growth and the phosphorylation of FAK, making it useful for research into diffuse gastric cancer.

Noradrenaline tartrate is an effective adrenergic receptor agonist that activates α1, α2, and β1 receptors. It is a precursor of epinephrine and serves as the principal neurotransmitter of most postganglionic sympathetic fibers and the diffuse projection system in the brain originating from the locus coeruleus, and can be used to establish cardiomyopathy models.

HDACs EZH2-IN-1 (Compound 22a) is a dual inhibitor of HDACs and EZH2, exhibiting potent inhibitory activity, with EZH2 Y641N being suppressed by 98% at 50 nM. It selectively targets HDAC1 and HDAC6, with IC50 values of 0.23 μM and 0.07 μM, respectively. HDACs EZH2-IN-1 effectively inhibits the proliferation of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma cells harboring EZH2 mutations and various acute myeloid leukemia cells. Additionally, this compound has the capability to induce cellular differentiation and apoptosis (Apoptosis).

M4K2308, a selective ALK2 ether-linked inhibitor, demonstrates an IC50 of 2 nM and exhibits greater specificity for ALK2 over ALK5, with an IC50 of 224 nM for ALK5. This compound holds potential for research into Diffuse Intrinsic Pontine Glioma (DIPG).

BTK-IN-41 (Compound 47) is a BTK inhibitor with an IC50 of 5.4 nM. It inhibits diffuse large B-cell lymphoma cells TDM-8 with an IC50 of 13.8 nM.

EZH2-IN-3 is an inhibitor of EZH2 and EZH1 with selective impact on diffuse large B cell lymphoma cell growth.

Avadomide is an orally available pleiotropic pathway modulator with potential antineoplastic activity. CC-122 mimics an interferon response and has antitumor activity in DLBCL CC-122 binds Cereblon (CRBN) and promotes degradation of Ikaros and Aiolos in d

Quorum sensing is a regulatory system used by bacteria for controlling gene expression in response to increasing cell density.[1] This regulatory process manifests itself with a variety of phenotypes including biofilm formation and virulence factor production.[2] Coordinated gene expression is achieved by the production, release, and detection of small diffusible signal molecules called autoinducers. The N-acylated homoserine lactones (AHLs) comprise one such class of autoinducers, each of which generally consists of a fatty acid coupled with homoserine lactone (HSL). Regulation of bacterial quorum sensing signaling systems to inhibit pathogenesis represents a new approach to antimicrobial therapy in the treatment of infectious diseases.[3] AHLs vary in acyl group length (C4-C18), in the substitution of C3 (hydrogen, hydroxyl, or oxo group), and in the presence or absence of one or more carbon-carbon double bonds in the fatty acid chain. These differences confer signal specificity through the affinity of transcriptional regulators of the LuxR family.[4] C16-HSL is one of a number of lipophilic, long acyl side-chain bearing AHLs, including its monounsaturated analog C16:1-(L)-HSL, produced by the LuxI AHL synthase homolog SinI involved in quorum-sensing signaling in S. meliloti, a nitrogen-fixing bacterial symbiont of certain legumes.[5],[6] C16-HSL is the most abundant AHL produced by the proteobacterium R. capsulatus and activates genetic exchange between R. capsulatus cells.[7] N-Hexadecanoyl-L-homoserine lactone and other hydrophobic AHLs tend to localize in relatively lipophilic cellular environments of bacteria and cannot diffuse freely through the cell membrane. The long-chain N-acylhomoserine lactones may be exported from cells by efflux pumps or may be transported between communicating cells by way of extracellular outer membrane vesicles.[8],[9]Reference:[1]. González, J.E., and Keshavan, N.D. Messing with bacterial quorum sensing Microbiol. Mol. Biol. Rev. 70(4), 859-875 (2006).[2]. Gould, T.A., Herman, J., Krank, J., et al. Specificity of acyl-homoserine lactone syntheses examined by mass spectrometry Journal of Bacteriology 188(2), 773-783 (2006).[3]. Cegelski, L., Marshall, G.R., Eldridge, G.R., et al. The biology and future prospects of antivirulence therapies Nature Reviews.Microbiology 6(1), 17-27 (2008).[4]. Penalver, C.G.N., Morin, D., Cantet, F., et al. Methylobacterium extorquens AM1 produces a novel type of acyl-homoserine lactone with a double unsaturated side chain under methylotrophic growth conditions FEBS Letters 580, 561-567 (2006).[5]. Gao, M., Chen, H., Eberhard, A., et al. sinI- and expR-dependent quorum sensing in Sinorhizobium meliloti Journal of Bacteriology 187(23), 7931-7944 (2005).[6]. Teplitski, M., Eberhard, A., Gronquist, M.R., et al. Chemical identification of N-acyl homoserine lactone quorum-sensing signals produced by Sinorhizobium meliloti strains in defined medium Archives of Microbiology 180, 494-497 (2003).[7]. Schaefer, A.L., Taylor, T.A., Beatty, J.T., et al. Long-chain acyl-homoserine lactone quorum-sensing regulation of Rhodobacter capsulatus gene transfer agent production Journal of Bacteriology 184(23), 6515-6521 (2002).[8]. Pearson, J.P., Van Delden, C., and Iglewski, B.H. Active efflux and diffusion are involved in transport of Pseudomonas aeruginosa cell-to-cell signals Journal of Bacteriology 181(4), 1203-1210 (1999).[9]. Mashburn-Warren, L., and Whiteley, M. Special delivery: Vesicle trafficking in prokaryotes Molecular Microbiology 61(4), 839-846 (2006).

C18-HSL is one of four lipophilic, long acyl side-chain-bearing N-acylated homoserine lactones (AHLs) produced by the LuxI AHL synthase homolog SinI, involved in quorum sensing signaling in S. meliloti, a nitrogen-fixing bacterial symbiont of the legume [M. sativa]. C18-HSL and other hydrophobic AHLs tend to localize in relatively lipophilic cellular environments and cannot diffuse freely through the cell membrane. These long-chain N-acylhomoserine lactones may be exported from cells by efflux pumps or transported between communicating cells via extracellular outer membrane vesicles. Quorum sensing, a regulatory system used by bacteria to control gene expression in response to cell density, manifests in phenotypes such as biofilm formation and virulence factor production. Coordinated gene expression is achieved through the production, release, and detection of small diffusible signal molecules called autoinducers, including AHLs, which vary in acyl group length (C4-C18), C3 substitution (hydrogen, hydroxyl, or oxo group), and the presence or absence of carbon-carbon double bonds, conferring signal specificity through LuxR family transcriptional regulators. Regulation of bacterial quorum sensing signaling to inhibit pathogenesis represents a novel approach to antimicrobial therapy in treating infectious diseases.

Perilla ketone is a naturally occurring xenobiotic compound that is activated by pulmonary cytochrome P450 enzymes in the lung, leading to severe pulmonary damage and diffuse pulmonary edema.

IRAK4-IN-7 (CA-4948) is a selective and potent IRAK4 kinase inhibitor with in vivo activity in a TLR4-induced cytokine release model.

BCL6-IN-6 is an inhibitor of Bcl-6 and can be used in studies about diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. BCL6-IN-6 blocks the interaction of Bcl-6 with its corepressors and dose-dependently reactivates Bcl-6 target genes.