biofilm

Ceftazidime Pentahydrate is a cephalosporin antibiotic with activity against gram-negative bacilli, including Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and is used in the study of infectious diseases.

Ceftazidime (GR20263) is a beta-lactam, cephalosporin antibiotic with bactericidal activity.

(+)-Magnoflorine (Thalictrin) has sedative and anxiolytic effects, probably mediated by Magnoflorine through a GABAergic mechanism of action. Magnoflorine and Sinomenine have protective effects, are mediated by some mechanism other than prevention of micelle formation or protection of the erythrocyte membrane against osmotic imbalance.

Antibiofilm agent prodrug 1 (Compound 5c) demonstrates antibacterial properties by inhibiting biofilm formation and iron uptake. It effectively suppresses Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 1.07 μM. In addition, Antibiofilm agent prodrug 1 exhibits anti-infective activity in Caenorhabditis elegans, enhancing the survival rate of the nematodes.

Antibiofilm agent-15 (Compound 17) is an antimicrobial agent that inhibits biofilm formation of both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria.

Antibiofilm Agent-2 (Compound 4T) serves as a potent biofilm inhibitor, exhibiting an IC50 of 3.6 μM, and impairs the quorum sensing system along with iron homeostasis, acting as antibacterial synergists against Pseudomonas aeruginosa [1].

Antibiofilm agent-13 (compound 14b) is an effective broad-spectrum antibacterial agent that functions by disrupting the integrity of bacterial cell membranes. It achieves this through the degradation of transmembrane potential and increased membrane permeability, which leads to the production of intracellular ROS and the leakage of DNA and proteins, ultimately resulting in bacterial death. Antibiofilm agent-13 effectively inhibits both Gram-positive bacteria (MIC ranging from 0.5-1 μg mL) and Gram-negative bacteria (MIC ranging from 1-32 μg mL).

Antibiofilm agent-14 (compound 11) functions as an antibiofilm agent. It exhibits antifungal activity against C.albicans SC5314, with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 50 μM.

Antibiofilm agent-11 (compound C12) is a flavonoid derivative with antibiofilm activity.

Antibiofilm agent-9 (Compound 4), a derivative of pyrrolnitrin, exhibits antimicrobial activity. It inhibits Bacillus anthracis with a Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) of 0.031 μg mL. The compound demonstrates significant antibiofilm activity, achieving an inhibition rate of 84% after 24 hours at a concentration of 8.0 μg mL. Additionally, Antibiofilm agent-9 shows favorable pharmacokinetic properties in mouse models.

Antibiofilm Agent-1, as detailed in WO2017011725A1 (compound 17) [1], serves as an antibacterial agent effective against Gram-positive pathogens.

Antibiofilm agent-12 (Compound C13), an antifungal belonging to the carbamate derivatives, exhibits significant antifungal activity against Candida auris, with an MIC90 of 237.9 μM. It inhibits the drug efflux pump activity of Candida auris and promotes ergosterol depletion, thereby hindering the formation of Candida auris biofilms and reducing its metabolic flexibility. Additionally, Antibiofilm agent-12 demonstrates antifungal efficacy in a C. elegans model following Candida auris infection.

Tween 80 is a nonionic surfactant and emulsifier that reduces bacterial adherence and inhibits biofilm formation. Tween 80 is widely used as a co-solvent in pharmacology experiments because of its ability to enhance the solubility of compounds in the aqueous phase.

Cyclic-di-GMP disodium (5GP-5GP disodium) is a STING agonist and a second messenger in bacteria. It is involved in a variety of processes in prokaryotes, including biofilm formation, motility, and cell cycle progression. Cyclic-di-GMP disodium (5GP-5GP disodium) exhibits antiproliferative activity against cancer cells, inducing increased CD4 receptor expression and cell cycle arrest, and is a novel therapeutic agent that can be developed to prevent or treat cancer.

Antimicrobial agent-22 (THI 6c) is a broad-spectrum, multi-target antibacterial with rapid bactericidal efficacy, effective anti-biofilm activity, and low cytotoxicity and hemolytic properties [1].

Holomycin (N-Demethylthiolutin) is a secondary metabolite of dithiopyrrolidone. HolomycinHolomycin, an antibiotic secondary metabolite, is required for the biofilm formation of natural photogenic Bacillus galatheae S2753 and is also a broad-spectrum antibiotic. holomycin promotes biofilm formation of S2753 through its alene-disthionyl group. Holomycin has antitumor activity and is involved in RNA synthesis.

Quorum Sensing-IN-3 (QS-IN-1) is a compound with inhibitory effects on bacterial community sensing, which inhibits the exchange of information between bacteria and inhibits biofilm formation.

Ethyl acetoacetate (Ethyl acetylacetate), an ester, is a bacterial biofilm inhibitor and an intermediate utilized in the synthesis of various compounds.

Methyl 2-amino-5-bromobenzoate (Methyl 5-Bromoanthranilate) is a hepatitis C virus NS5b RNA polymerase inhibitor with antimicrobial activity that inhibits Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections and is involved in the production of many virulence factors and biofilm formation.

1. Citric acid (Citro) (1-2 g kg) can decrease brain lipid peroxidation and inflammation, liver damage, and DNA fragmentation. 2. Citric acid denture cleansers can reduce C. albicans biofilm accumulation and cell viability. However, this CT did not prevent biofilm recolonization.

D-Tyrosine, the D-isomer of tyrosine, acts as a negative regulator of melanin synthesis by inhibiting tyrosinase activity. Furthermore, D-Tyrosine also inhibits biofilm formation and induces the self-dispersal of biofilms, while not affecting bacterial growth.

Methyl anthranilate is a natural product. Methyl anthranilate is a novel quorum sensing inhibitor and anti-biofilm agent against Aeromonas sobria

D-Cysteine, the D-isomer of cysteine, is a powerful inhibitor of E. coli growth and is mediated by D-amino acid oxidase to produce H2S, serving as a neuroprotective agent against cerebellar ataxia. Additionally, D-cysteine can inhibit the growth and cariogenicity of a two-species biofilm formed by Streptococcus mutans and Streptococcus hemoglobin.

2-heptyl-3-hydroxy-4(1H)-Quinolone (Pseudomonas Quinolone Signal) is a quorum-sensing signalling molecule produced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa in response to increased cell density. It increases the expression of the lasB gene in P. aeruginosa, the secretion of the metabolites pyocyanin and the lectin PA-IL, as well as increasing biofilm production in P. aeruginosa populations. It also reduces the iron content of the P. aeruginosa growth medium when used at a concentration of 40 μM and acts as an iron chelator in iron sulphate solutions.