aortic

Nitroprusside disodium dihydrate (Sodium Nitroprusside Dihydrate) is a potent vasodilator working through releasing NO spontaneously in blood.

3-(3-Hydroxyphenyl)propionic Acid (m-Hydroxyphenylpropionic acid) is one of the major metabolites of ingested caffeic acid.it inhibited osteoclastogenesis and bone osteoclastic resorptive activity.

Darusentan (Lu-135252) is a potent inhibitor of endothelin signaling and function in large and small arteries.

740 Y-P (740YPDGFR) is a PI3K activator with cell permeability. 740 Y-P binds GST fusion proteins containing the N-and C-terminal SH2 domains of p85.

IAXO-102 is a TLR4 antagonist that negatively regulates TLR4 signaling by inhibiting MAPK and p65 NF-κB phosphorylation, as well as the expression of TLR4-dependent proinflammatory proteins. It also prevents the development of experimental abdominal aortic aneurysm.

Lipopolysaccharides (LPS), derived from Escherichia coli O55:B5, are essential components of the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria. Composed of lipid A, a core oligosaccharide, and an O-specific polysaccharide, LPS exhibits strong immunogenicity. It activates immune cells via the TLR4 receptor, induces chemotactic cell migration and cytokine secretion, and helps maintain the integrity of the bacterial outer membrane, protecting against bile salts and lipid-based antibiotics. LPS is commonly used to establish inflammatory models, including arthritis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), and gastrointestinal disease models.

LY 3000328 (Cathepsin S inhibitor) is a selective inhibitor of cathepsin S with IC50 values ​​of 7.7 and 1.67 nM for human and mouse cathepsin S, respectively. LY 3000328 (Cathepsin S inhibitor) may slow or prevent abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) expansion and/or reduce the risk of AAA rupture by inhibiting cathepsin S-mediated degradation of extracellular matrix proteins, elastin and collagen.

Calcium channel-modulator-1, a calcium channel-modulator (IC50: 0.8 μM), specializes in blocking aortic constriction.

Palmitoyl glutamic acid (N-Palmitoyl-L-glutamic acid) is an acyl amino acid that inhibits aortic constriction and counteracts haloperidol-induced oral motility disorders.

SM-2470 is an α1-adrenoceptor antagonist with antihypertensive activity that decreases anterior ganglionic adrenal nerve activity and aortic descending nerve activity.SM-2470 has hypocholesterolemic activity and inhibits cholesterol absorption.

Oxodipine, a dihydropyridine-type calcium antagonist, inhibited KCl-induced aortic contraction in rabbits and reduced cardiac force in less potent rat ventricular test-paper contractions. In rat cultured neonatal ventricular myocytes, Oxodipine reduced L-type Ca currents (I) with an IC of 0.24 μM, and against T-type Ca currents (I) with an IC of 0.41 μM. Oxodipine causes constipation in mice and gingival hyperplasia in dogs.

β-Aminopropionitrile (3-Aminopropionitrile) is a selective inhibitor of lysyl oxidase.

Arotinolol hydrochloride(Arotinolol HCl) is a non-selective α β-adrenergic receptor blocker.Arotinolol hydrochloride inhibits the binding of the radioligand 125I-ICYP to the 5HT1B-hydroxytryptamine receptor. Arotinolol hydrochloride is an antihypertensive and anti-obesity agent that improves aortic stiffness in rats and is used to study obesity-related diseases.

Beauveriolide III, a cyclodepsipeptide found in Beauveria fungi, inhibits lipid droplet formation (at 3-10 μM) and cholesterol synthesis (IC50=0.41 μM). This compound also suppresses acyl-coenzyme A:cholesterol acyltransferase (ACAT) activity (IC50=5.5 μM) and reduces atherosclerotic lesion size in Ldlr-/- and ApoE-/- mouse models (25-50 mg/kg).

Harmalol hydrochloride (Harmidol hydrochloride) is a β-carboline alkaloid that can be extracted from the seeds of Peganum harmala L. Harmalol hydrochloride is the major metabolite of Harmaline and significantly inhibits dioxin-mediated induction of CYP1A1 at both transcriptional and post-translational levels. Harmalol hydrochloride showed vasorelaxant activity in isolated rat thoracic aortic preparations preconstricted with phenylephrine or KCl. Harmalol hydrochloride has antioxidant activity.

Dooku1 is an analog of Yoda1 and a selective antagonist of endogenous Piezo1 channels. Dooku1 inhibits Ca2+ entry induced by 2μMYoda1 with IC50 values of 1.3μM (in HEK 293 cells) and 1.5μM (in HUVEC). Dooku1 inhibits Yoda1-induced aortic relaxation.

Ostruthin (Ostruthine) is a natural coumarin with antimicrobial activity that can effectively inhibit the growth of a wide range of mycobacteria with a minimum inhibitory concentration of MIC= 3.4-107.4 μM.

2-Oxovaleric acid is a keto acid found in human blood.

AVE 0991 competes for high-affinity binding of [125I]-Ang-(1-7) to bovine aortic endothelial cell membranes, with IC50 of 21±35 nM. AVE 0991 sodium salt is a nonpeptide and orally active Ang-(1-7) receptor Mas agonist.

U-46619 is an effective thromboxane A2 (TXA2) agonist and a thromboxane A2 analog (endoperoxide), capable of inducing contraction in the aortic smooth muscle (SM) of mice with a myosin light chain 9 (Myl9) gene deletion.

E17241 functions as an inducer of ABCA1 gene expression, effectively increasing its expression with an EC50 value of 280 nM. It also acts as an agonist for peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs), inducing PPAR-mediated gene expression in HepG2 cells expressing PPARγ, PPARα, or PPARδ, with respective EC50 values of 290, 3,900, and 879 nM. In RAW 264.7 macrophage cells, E17241 enhances ACBA1 protein levels, although this effect is absent when siRNA targeting PKCζ mRNA is present. Treatment with E17241 (0.4, 2, or 10 µM) increases cholesterol efflux in RAW 264.7 cells. In an atherosclerosis model using ApoE- - mice administered with a dose of 25 mg kg, E17241 reduces levels of plasma cholesterol, alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST), and liver cholesterol and triglycerides, and also decreases the area of aortic lesions. Additionally, daily administration of E17241 (50 mg kg) lowers blood glucose levels and body weight in KKAy diabetic mice on a high-fat, high-glucose (HFHG) diet.

Probucoldithiobisphenol (DTBP) is a derivative of Probucol. It stimulates the production of heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1) and exhibits antioxidant properties. In the Apoe− − mouse model, Probucol dithiobisphenol reduces aortic atherosclerotic lesions, and in a rabbit arterial injury model, it promotes arterial re-endothelialization and suppresses restenosis. This compound is orally active.

GI-Y2 is a GSDMD inhibitor that suppresses macrophage pyroptosis induced by oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL). In vivo, GI-Y2 dose-dependently reduces atherosclerotic plaques and decreases lesion size and fibrosis in the aortic root of ApoE-/- mice. GI-Y2 holds potential for research in pyroptosis and cardiovascular diseases, such as atherosclerosis.

MBA-m1 is an MLKL inhibitor that suppresses necroptosis in Mlkl−/−NIH-3T3 cells. Additionally, MBA-m1 alleviates disease conditions in mouse models of dermatitis and abdominal aortic aneurysm induced by MLKL.