airway smooth muscle

Theophylline (1,3-Dimethylxanthine) is a methyl xanthine derivative from tea with diuretic, smooth muscle relaxant, bronchial dilation, cardiac, and central nervous system stimulant activities. It inhibits the 3', 5'-cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase that degrades cyclic AMP, thus potentiating the actions of agents that act through adenylyl cyclases and cyclic AMP.

Trifolirhizin exerts varying degrees of inhibition on tyrosinase-dependent melanin biosynthesis, and therefore, are candidates as skin-whitening agents.Trifolirhizin possesses potential anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer activities.Trifolirhizin shows in vitro inhibitory effects on the growth of human A2780 ovarian and H23 lung cancer cells. Trifolirhizin inhibits acetylcholine mediated airway smooth muscle (ASM) contraction or directly relaxes pre-contracted ASM independent of β 2 -adrenoceptors.