12(r)hete

Biosynthesis of 12(R)-HETE in invertebrates is via lipoxygenation of arachidonic acid . In mammals, 12(R)-HETE can be produced by 12(R)-LOs and also by CYP450 oxidation. The activity of 12(R)-HETE in mammals is predominantly proinflammatory. 12(R)-HETE exhibits dose-dependent leukocyte chemotaxis at concentrations as low as 100 nM, and lowers intraocular pressure in rabbits.

Metabolism of 12(R)-HETE in corneal tissue produces predominantly the compound resulting from the loss of four carbon atoms through β-oxidation from C-1. This metabolite is 8(R)-hydroxy hexadecatrienoic acid (8(R)-HHxTrE) or 2,3,4,5-tetranor 12(R)-HETE.

(±)12-HEPE is produced by non-enzymatic oxidation of EPA, resulting in equal amounts of 12(S)-HEPE and 12(R)-HEPE. The biological activity of (±)12-HEPE is likely mediated by one of the individual isomers, primarily the 12(S) isomer in mammalian systems. 12-HEPE inhibits platelet aggregation with an IC50 of 24 μM, similar to 12-HETE (IC50 = 25 μM), and both compounds also inhibit U46619-induced contraction of rat aorta with IC50 values between 8.6-8.8 μM. [1][2]

12(R)-HEPE, a monohydroxy fatty acid derived from EPA in the eggs of the sea urchin S. purpuratus, has a biological activity that, while not extensively documented, may resemble that of 12(R)-HETE (Catalog No.34560).