α Amylase

α-Amylase, a hydrolase enzyme, catalyzes the hydrolysis of internal α-1,4-glycosidic linkages in starch, producing glucose and maltose.

Bacterial α-Amylase is an enzyme produced by bacteria that catalyzes the hydrolysis reaction of starch into smaller sugar molecules such as maltose and glucose, and can be used to study starch metabolism and enzymatic mechanisms.

α-Amylase-IN-1 is an α-Amylase inhibitor (IC50: 0.5509 μM). α-Amylase-IN-1 has antioxidant activity with an IC50 value of 53.49 μM for scavenging of DPPH free radicals, and can be used in the study of diabetes and oxidative stress-related diseases.

α-Amylase-IN-7 (Compound 6e) is an inhibitor of α-Amylase, with an IC50 of 40 μM, indicating its potency. This compound shows potential as an anti-diabetic medication.

α-Amylase-IN-3 (Compound 4) is a non-competitive inhibitor of α-Amylase with an IC50 value of 18.04 μM. It exhibits radical scavenging activities with IC50 values of 16.04 μM for DPPH and 16.99 μM for ABTS. α-Amylase-IN-3 demonstrates good protein–ligand interaction characteristics for α-Amylase, and may possess pharmacological activities, such as anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory properties, contributing to the research of diabetes and oxidative stress-associated diseases[1].

α-Amylase/α-Glucosidase-IN-5 (compound 4l) functions as a dual inhibitor, effectively inhibiting both α-glucosidase (Glucosidase) and α-amylase (Amylases) with IC50 values of 5.96 μM and 1.62 μM, respectively, exhibiting potential for antidiabetic activity [1].

α-Amylase/α-Glucosidase-IN-3 (Compound 17) is a dual inhibitor of α-Amylase and α-Glucosidase, with IC50 values of 0.70 μM and 1.10 μM, respectively, applicable for type-II diabetes mellitus research [1].

α-Amylase/α-Glucosidase-IN-4 (compound 5), a dual inhibitor targeting α-amylase (Amylases) and α-glucosidase (Glucosidase), exhibits potent inhibition with IC50 values of 1.10 μM and 0.15 μM respectively, and is noted for its potential antidiabetic activity [1].

α-Amylase-IN-4 (Compd 10y) exhibits the highest amylase inhibition with an IC50 value of 17.83 ± 0.14 μg/mL [1].

α-Amylase/α-Glucosidase-IN-6 (compound 5j) is a potent dual inhibitor of α-amylase and α-glucosidase, with IC50 values of 17.0 µM and 40.1 µM, respectively, and demonstrates anti-hyperglycemic activities [1].

α-Amylase-IN-8 (compound 44) serves as an inhibitor of α-amylase, exhibiting an IC 50 value of 58.1 μM. It is utilized in type 2 diabetes research.

α-Amylase-IN-9 (Compound 1i) is an inhibitor of α-Amylase with an IC50 value of 14.64 μM and is utilized in diabetes research.

α-Amylase-IN-10 (Compound 15n) is an inhibitor of α-Amylase, with an IC50 of 5.00 µM. This compound is applicable for research in type 2 diabetes.

α-Amylase α-Glucosidase-IN-18 (Compound 9g) is an inhibitor of α-amylase and α-glucosidase, with IC50 values of 49.17 nM and 10.71 nM, respectively. It is suitable for research related to type 2 diabetes.

α-Amylase α-Glucosidase-IN-17 (Compound 3) is an inhibitor of α-amylase and α-glucosidase, with IC50 values of 14.61 μM and 25.38 μM, respectively. It exhibits some inhibitory activity against A549 cancer cells and possesses both antitumor and antidiabetic properties.

α-Amylase-IN-11 (compound C5f) is an α-amylase inhibitor with an IC50 of 0.56 μM, effective in reducing glucose levels in vivo. Additionally, it exhibits moderate inhibitory activity against α-glucosidase with an IC50 of 11.03 μM. In mouse models, α-Amylase-IN-11 significantly decreases glucose concentrations, indicating its potential for diabetes research.

α-Amylase-IN-12 (Compound 5e) is an α-amylase inhibitor with an IC50 of 0.15 mM, functioning through a mixed inhibition mode. It exhibits an IC50 of 9.40 mM against α-glucosidase. This compound enhances glucose uptake in yeast cells and demonstrates significant anti-glycation activity at high concentrations. α-Amylase-IN-12 is applicable for diabetes research.

α-Amylase/α-Glucosidase-IN-19 (compound 10) is a dual inhibitor of α-amylase and α-glucosidase, with an IC50 of 170.7 μM and 60.37 μM, respectively.

α-Amylase/α-Glucosidase-IN-8 (Compound 7p) is a potent dual inhibitor of α-amylase and α-glucosidase, with IC50 values of 10.19 μM and 10.33 μM, respectively. It also exhibits significant antioxidant activity (IC50= 14.93 μM). This compound is applicable in diabetes research.

α-Amylase/α-Glucosidase-IN-10 (compound 5d) is an inhibitor of α-amylase and α-glucosidase, with IC50 values of 30.39 μM and 65.1 μM, respectively, indicating potential antidiabetic properties. In ADMET (absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity) predictions, it shows high gastrointestinal (GI) absorption but functions as a substrate for P-glycoprotein (P-gp) and does not cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB), which may pose a risk of central nervous system side effects.

α-Amylase/α-Glucosidase-IN-9 (compound 5h) is a dual inhibitor of α-amylase (IC50= 16.4 μM) and α-glucosidase (IC50= 31.6 μM).

α-Amylase/α-Glucosidase-IN-11 (Compound 5d) is an isoxazoline-indigo hybrid with notable antidiabetic properties. It acts as a competitive inhibitor of the key digestive enzymes α-amylase (IC50 = 30.39 μM) and α-glucosidase (IC50 = 65.1 μM). Additionally, it does not penetrate the blood-brain barrier.

α-Amylase/α-Glucosidase-IN-12 (compound 10k) is a dual inhibitor targeting α-glucosidase and α-amylase, with IC50 values of 34.52 nM and 24.62 nM, respectively. This inhibitor is designed based on [triazolo[4,3-b][1,2,4]triazine and holds potential for diabetes research.

α-Amylase/α-Glucosidase-IN-13 (Compound 5d) is a dual inhibitor of α-amylase and α-glucosidase, and is useful in diabetes research.