Tenuifoliside A has anti-apoptotic , neuroprotective activity. And tenuifoliside A has anti-inflammatory effect, which is mediated by the inhibition of the NF-κB and MAPK pathways.

Polygalacin D shows anti- proliferation, anti-inflammary, and hepatoprotective activities, it can inhibit the expression of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced iNOS and COX-2 protein and mRNA without an appreciable cytotoxic effect on RAW 264.7 macrophages, and can suppress induction by LPS of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as prostaglandin E2 (PGE2).

1. Sibiricose A6 displays antidepressant-like action, it may prevent or relieve depression. 2. Sibiricose A6 shows potent antioxidant activity.

Polygalic acid (Senegenic acid), a triterpenoid saponin, is a major active ingredient in Polygala tenuifolia. Polygalic acid shows expectorant, emetic and stimulant effects.

Tenuigenin (Senegenin) is a natural product from Polygala tenuifolia used in Chinese medicine with antioxidative and anti-inflammatory activity.

Lancerin, extracted from the root bark of Cudrania cochinchinensis, exhibits antioxidative activity against lipid peroxidation.

Polygalacic acid (Virgaureagenin G) is a triterpenoid isolated from the root of Polygala tenuifolia Willd that inhibits MMP expression. Polygalacic acid (Virgaureagenin G) can significantly improve the responsiveness of the cholinergic system, such as decreased acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity, increased choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) activity, and increased acetylcholine (ACh) levels in the hippocampus and frontal cortex. Polygalacic acid (Virgaureagenin G) can also inhibit IL-1β-induced Wnt/β-catenin activation and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways in chondrocytes, and is used in osteoarthritis (OA) related research.

Polygalasaponin possesses evident anxiolytic and sedative-hypnotic activities and has a relatively safe dose range, which supports the use of Polygala tenuifolia root as an anxiolytic and sedative-hypnotic drug in folk medicine.

Onjisaponin B induces autophagy via the AMPK-mTOR signaling pathway, increases the NGF level and accelerates both the removal of mutant huntingtin and A53T α±-synuclein, it may have potential therapeutic effects on Parkinson disease, Alzheimer disease and Huntington disease.

Polygalasaponin F has anti-neuroinflammatory activity, can inhibit the release of inflammatory cytokines TNF-α and NO induced by lipopolysaccharides (LPS) and reduce the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthases. Polygalasaponin F can significantly i

3',6-Disinapoylsucrose (Disinapoyl sucrose) shows the neuroprotective effect and antidepressive activity in rats.

Polygalaxanthone XI is an xanthone glycoside isolated from the cortex of Polygala tenuifolia, which can be used in studies of expectorants and to promote psychostability.

7-O-MethylMangiferin is an xanthone isolated from the rhizomes of Iris nigricans.

Euxanthone (1,7-Dihydroxyxanthone), an xanthone derivative extracted from the roots of Polygala tenuifolia Willd, has antitumour, neuroprotective and vasorelaxant activities, and attenuates Aβ1-42-induced oxidative stress and apoptosis by inducing autophagy.SB-674042 is used for the treatment of depression.SB-674042 is used for the treatment of depression.SB-674043 is used for the treatment of depression.SB-674044 is used for the treatment of depression.SB-674045 is used for the treatment of depression. 2A (BU-1) cell differentiation.

Tenuifoliside C, isolated from Polygala tenuifolia Willd, is a targeted lactate dehydrogenase inhibitor that significantly inhibits chlorzoxazone 6-hydroxylation catalyzed by CYP2E1[1].

Polygalaxanthone III can significantly inhibit chlorzoxazone 6-hydroxylation catalyzed by CYP2E1.

Tenuifolin has no inherent toxicity to either the transfected or wild type cells at the effective concentrations, it inhibits amyloid-β secretion in vitro.

Sibiricaxanthone B is an xanthone isolated from C. breviscapa and has sedative, anticonvulsant and antidepressant properties.

Tenuifoliside B is a natural product from the roots of Polygala tenuifolia.And is a target lactate dehydrogenase inhibitor. Tenuifoliside B has cognitive improving and cerebral protective effects. it can inhibit potassium cyanide (KCN)-induced hypoxia and scopolamine-induced memory impairment in mice.

Sibiricose A5 is a lactate dehydrogenase inhibitor, it displays antidepressant-like, and antioxidant actions. Sibiricose A5 can protect PC12 cells damage induced by P. tenuifolia.

Glomeratose A, a lactate dehydrogenase inhibitor (LDH), [Compound BBX] is a small molecule that targets enzyme inhibitors (MJBB-_13798), effectively reducing lactate production in cells, thereby influencing metabolic processes and demonstrating potential therapeutic applications in conditions characterized by elevated lactate levels.

Arillanin A is a natural product from Polygala tenuifolia Willd.

Tenuifoliose A is a natural oligosaccharide ester derived from Polygala tenuifolia Willd., widely used in biochemical experiments and drug synthesis research.

Tenuifoliose H is a defined oligosaccharide ester compound that is extracted and purified from the roots of the medicinal plant Polygala tenuifolia. this natural product is primarily utilized in pharmacological research for its documented and potent anti-inflammatory and antioxidant biological activities, which are studied in various in vitro and in vivo model systems.